functions of the skeleton
provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects you organs, produces red blood cells, stores minerals
joint
allows bones to move in different ways
immovable joint
a joint that does little-no movement
movable joint
joints that move
ball + socket joint
greatest range of motion (hip, shoulder)
hinge joint
forward and backward motion (knee, elbow)
pivot joint
one bone rotates around another (neck)
gliding/sliding joint
one bone slides across the other (wrist, ankle)
bone characteristics
strong, lightweight, living, has layers, contains calcium and phosphorus, and contains red blood cells
how to keep the bone healthy
balanced diet and regular exercise
no excersie
lose minerals (osteoporosis)
skeleton
a framework that supports and protects many other body parts
ligament
a strong connective tissue around a moveable joint
compact bone (layer)
an outer membrane layer in a bone
marrow
a soft connective tissue in the bone (2 types: red, yellow)
vertabre
spine
cartilige
a second layer of connective tissue around a moveable joint
spongy bone (layer)
a layer under compact bone that makes tissue lightweight, but strong (has tiny holes)
osteoporosis
a condition where the bones become weak and break easily because of loss of minerals
sprain
occurs when ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places
fracture
a break in the bone (simple, compound)
dislocation
occurs when the end of the bone comes out of the joint
simple fracture
the bone is either cracked or complete broken into two pieces
compound fracture
the broken end of the bone sticks out through the skin
xray
a form of energy that travels in waves and takes images of your bones
magnetic resonance imaging
a method of taking clear pictures of both the bone and the soft tissue
arthritis
a disease of the joints that make movement very painful
arthroscope
a slim tube-shaped instrument that has a camera attached to it so doctors can see inside the joint
muscles found in the body
voluntary muscles, involuntary muscles
involuntary muscle
a muscle that is not under your conscious control (heart, lungs)
voluntary muscle
muscles under your conscious control (arm, leg)
skeletal muscle
attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides force to move your bones, striated, voluntary
tendon
a strong connective tissue that connects the muscle to the bone
striated muscle
the banding of skeletal muscles cells
smooth muscle
internal organs, not striated, reacts slowly
cardiac muscle
found in the heart, doesn't tire easily, straited
why do skeletal muscles work in pairs?
so that they can alternately pull on a bone to achieve movement
functions of the skin
protects the body from injury, infection, water loss, helps regulate body temperature, eliminate wastes (sweat), gather information about the environment, and produce vitamin D
epidermis
the outer layer of the skin, thin
dermis
bottom layer, or inner layer, of the skin and contains nerves, blood vessels, and sweat glands
how can you keep your skin healthy?
eating and maintaining a healthy diet, keeping your skin clean and dry, and limiting exposure to the sun
melanin
pigment in skin, gives skin its color
pore
openings in the skin surface
follicle
strands of hair growing within the dermis
cancer
a disease where cells in the body divide uncontrollably