Epicranius (Occipitofrontalis) (Frontalis & Occipitals)
Origin = occipital bone ; tendon
Insertion = tendon; skin at eyebrows
Action = raises eyebrows: facial expression
Orbicularis oculi
O= medial wall of orbit
I = eyelids
A = closes eye ; Facial Expression
Orbicularis oris
O = surrounds mouth
I = lips and corners of mouth (skin)
A = "kissing",
puckering facial expression
Buccinator "bucc" means cheek
O = maxilla and mandible
I = orbicularis oris
A = compresses cheeks, keeps food between teeth facial expression
Platysma
O = Fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major.
I = Mandible
A = depresses mandible inferiorly, draws lip inf.and post. facial expression cows
Masseter
O = Maxilla and zygomatic arch.
I = Mandible ,angle & ramus
A = elevates the mandible superiorly, chewing muscle.
Temporalis
O = Temporal bone
I = Mandible coronoid & ramus
A = elevates the mandible, chewing muscle.
Zygomaticus
O = Zygomatic bone major & minor
I = corners of mouth.
A = Smiling. facial expression. Facial nerve
Sternocleidomastoid
O = sternum and clavicle.
I = mastoid process of the temporal bone.
A = rotation and or flexion of neck.ext
Splenius
O = C7 - T6
I = occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone
A = extend head
Intercostals
Located between the ribs.
A = raise and lower the rib cage.
External elevates
Internal depresses during forced exhalation
Diaphragm
Floor of the thorax
A = most important breathing muscle
Rectus abdominis
O = pubis (pubic
bone)
I =sternum and
ribs 5-7
A = flexes vertebral column as in doing sit-ups.
External oblique
O = lower 8 ribs
I = Iliac crest and linea alba
A = acting separately -
trunk rotation, "twisting"; acting bilaterally -
compress abdomen, flex vertebral column.
Internal oblique
O = iliac crest ++
I = last 3 or 4
ribs and linea alba.
A = acting separately -
trunk rotation, "twisting"; acting bilaterally - compress abdomen, flex vertebral column.
Transversus abdominis
O = Ilium and lower six ribs.+
I = linea alba, xiphoid, and pubis.
A = compresses abdominal wall.
Serratus anterior
O = Ribs 1-8
I = Medial (vertebral) border of scapula.
A = abducts scapula.
Pectoralis major
O = clavicle, sternum and ribs 1-6.
I = greater tubercle of humerus.
A = adducts and medially rotates humerus.
Pectoralis minor
O = ribs 2-5
I = coracoid process of scapula.
A = abducts and rotates scapula down.
Trapezius (named by shape)
O = occipital bone; cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
I = spine and acromion process of scapula; clavicle.
A = extend head, elevate scapula as in shrugging shoulders.
Latissimus dorsi
O = T7 - L5, iliac crest
I = between the tubercles of humerus.
A = pulls humerus down and back - "swimmer's muscle.
Deltoid
O = spine and acromion process of scapula; clavicle.
I = deltoid tuberosity
A = abduct humerus
Teres minor
O = medial border of scapula.
I = greater tubercle dorsally.
A = lateral rotation of humerus.
Teres major
O = medial border of scapula.
I = between the tubercles of the humerus anteriorly.
A = medial rotation of humerus.
Biceps brachii
O = coracoid process and supraglenoid area of scapula.
I = proximal end of radius.
A = flexes arm at elbow
Brachialis
O = Distal half, anterior surface of humerus.
I = coronoid process of ulna.
A = flexes arm at elbow.
Brachioradialis
O = Lateral and distal end of humerus.
I = styloid process of radius.
A = flexes arm at elbow.
Triceps brachii
O = proximal end of humerus dorsally and the scapula.
I = olecranon of ulna.
A = extends arm at elbow.
Sartorius (longest muscle)
O = lateral surface of ilium.
I = medial side, proximal end of tibia.
A = flexes and laterally rotates thigh (pulls knee up and out as in sitting Indian style).
Gracilis
O = pubis
I = medial side, proximal end of tibia.
A = adduct the thigh
Adductor longus
O = pubis
I = medial surface of femur.
A = adducts the thigh. Femoral triangle
Quadriceps femoris-largest muscle in the body, actually made up of four separate muscles.
Rectus femoris
O = ilium
I = tibial tuberosity via the quadriceps tendon to the patella and then the patella ligament.
A = flexes hip and extends leg at knee.
Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and vastus intermedius
O = proximal end of femur.
I = tibial tuberosity via the quadriceps tendon to the patella and then the patellar ligament.
A = extend leg at knee.
Tensor fascia lata
O = ilium.
I = tibia via the iliotibial tract.
A = flex thigh
Gluteus maximus
O = ilium, sacrum, coccyx.
I = lateral surface of femur.
A = extends thigh (very powerful) and laterally rotates thigh.
Gluteus medius
O = ilium.
I = greater trochanter.
A = abducts thigh (powerful).
Gluteus minimus
O = ilium.
I = greater trochanter.
A = abducts thigh.
Hamstrings (three muscles)
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
O = ischium.
I = lateral condyle of tibia. medial surface of proximal end of tibia and medial condyle of tibia
A = flex knee.
Tibialis anterior
O = lateral condyle of tibia.
I = Metatarsal I
A = dorsiflex and invert foot.
Gastrocnemius
O = medial and lateral condyles of femur dorsally.
I = calcaneous via Achilles tendon (calcaneal tendon).
A = plantar flex foot and also flex knee.
Soleus
O = head of fibula and medial surface of tibia dorsally.
I = calcaneous via Achilles tendon (calcaneal tendon).
A = plantar flex foot
Psoas Major
O= Lumbar
I= Lesser trochanter
Levato Ani
Keeps you from falling out through your pelvis