AHA recommends ___ mins of moderate exercise a week
150 mins
CDC recommends that adults need at least 2 hours and 30 minutes (150 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (i.e., brisk walking) every week and......
muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week.
A purposeful TYPE OF ACTIVITY that is planned structured and repetitive, done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness
EXERCISE
Activities of Daily Living
Bathing self
Self toileting
Oral hygiene
Dressing
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Use of phone
shopping
food prep
Housekeeping
Laundry
Transportation
Med administration
Handling finances
amt of o2 taken in is greater than the amt used to supply the energy large muscle groups involves repetitive rhythmic motions - great for cardiovascular health
aerobic exercise
the muscles cannot get enough O2 from the blood and has to use anaerobic pathways to provide additional energy. (Kreb cycle) weight lifting - sprinting
anaerobic exercise
Activity that someone else is initiating
passive
activity initiating by self
active
isotonic muscle contraction
Muscle Shortens, tone is same, and active movement
isometric muscle contraction
Muscle does not shorten, just tenses
isokinetic muscle contraction
Against Resistance, tone and length changes. muscle contraction with resistance.
Adequate posture. In the sitting and standing positions, a straight line can be drawn from the ear through the shoulder and hip. In bed, the head, shoulders, and hips are aligned.
Proper Body Alignment
The negative effects of hospitalization begin quickly and they progress rapidly by the ________ of hospitilization.
2nd day
Benefits of movement and body weight bearing
Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility
Increased coordination
Reduced bone loss
Increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission
Hazards of Immobility
Disuse Atrophy- muscle decrease from immobility
Contractures- shortening of flexion muscle
EX: foot drop
Disuse Osteoporosis
Stiff Painful Joints: Ca+ in blood makes joints stiff
Cardiovascular System Benefits OF EXERCISE
Increases the strength of contraction
Increases cardiac output
Decreases resting Heart rate and Blood Pressure
Improves Venous return: muscle moves blood back to heart.
Increase fibrinolysin
substance that breaks up small clots
Cardiovascular Hazards of Immobility
Decreases Cardiac Reserve
Increases use of the Valsalva Maneuver
Increases pressure and decreases venous return
Orthostatic Hypotension- Risk of falling! Dangle!
Venous Vasodilation & Stasis
Dependent Edema: pooling blood, water out of vein and blood is t
1. Decreased Venous Return
2. Hyper-coagulable Blood: increased Ca+ makes blood sticky thick dehydrated pooling blood has leaked out fluid
3. Vessel Wall Injury: Stretching and tears occur I endothelium of vessels. Increased risk of DVT.
Virchow's Triad- Cardiovascular System - Hazards of Immobility
Respiratory System Benefits of activity & exercise
Increases O2 intake: by 20X
Improved diaphragmatic excursion
Improved alveolar ventilation
Prevents pooling of secretions, breaks up with movement!
Decreases effort of Breathing
Respiratory System Hazards of Immobility
Decreases Respiratory Movement
Pooling of Secretions
Decreases Surfactant
Atelectasis: collapsed alveoli
Hypostatic Pneumonia: from not moving around
Urinary System Benefits from exercise
Increased circulation improves efficiency of waste removal
Prevents stasis in bladder
Alkaline Urine
Infection
Kidney stones: from Ca+ break down from not weight bearing.
Urinary Retention/Overflow
Gastrointestinal System Benefits from exercise
Improves appetite
Increases GI tone
Improves peristalsis
Gastrointestinal System Hazards of Immobility
Constipation (Positioning, Embarrassment of pooping in hospital)
Overuse Valsalva Maneuver (Cardiac Risk- MI)
Psych/neurological System Benefits
Increases sense of well-being
Improves stress tolerance
Psychoneurological System Hazards of Immobility
Awareness of dependency
Time Perception Changes: time blends together
Lack of Intellectual Stimulation
Anxiety
Metabolic System Benefits
Increases metabolic rate
Decreases triglycerides
Decreases cholesterol
Enhances insulin (lowers WBG)
Integumentary System Benefits of Activity/ Exercise
Increases the flow of blood to the skin
Immobility decrease skin turgor
Immobility increases the risk for pressure ulcers
Assessment -Physical of activity and exercise level
Body alignment
Appearance and movement of joints
Capabilities and limitations of movement
Muscle mass and strength
Activity intolerance
Problems related to immobility
Devices to Position Patients
Pillows: behind back
Mattresses
Adjustable beds
Bed side rails
Trapeze bar
The method used to roll a patient with a possible back or spinal cord injury
Log Rolling
A nurse applies padded boots to maintain the foot in dorsiflexion on a client who is comatose. The nurse is protecting the client from what?
Foot Drop
When assisting a client from the bed into a wheelchair, the nurse assesses the client for signs of dizziness upon standing. For what adverse condition is the nurse assessing the client?
Orthostatic Hypotension
The nurse is assisting a client to ambulate following knee surgery. What is a key concern when assisting clients with activity?
Safety
Jogging is an example of isometric exercise
FALSE
A nurse stretches out a patient's leg and moves it in a circle. This is an example of what type of body movement?
Circumduction