probability
likelihood that a particular event will occur
Punnett square
a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
phenotype
physical characteristics of an organism
genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
homozygous
an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
heterozygous
an organism that has two different alleles for a trait
codominance
neither of two alleles is dominant or recessive
alleles
different forms of a gene
principles of probability
1. predict the results of an event
2. what is likely to occur (may not actually occur)
3. the more chances you take, the more likely the results will be what was predicted
Mendel and probability
1. mathmatical princilples of probability applied to his work
2. first scientist to see that probability could be used to predict genetics
Punnett squares
1. a tool that can help you understand how probability is used in genetics
2. a tool used to show all possible outcomes of a genetic cross
Phenotypes and genotypes
1. phenotype--visible traits (T)
2. genotype--made up of both alleles (TT)
3.. homozygous (purebred)--both alleles the same (TT or tt)
4.. heterozygous (hybrid)--both alleles different (Tt)
Codominance
1. both alleles neither dominant or recessive
2. both alleles will show up in the offspring
3. alleles are written with capital letters with a superscript
F F