Chapter Three

Election of 1800

Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President.

Candidates Election 1800

Jefferson - Democratic-Republic- leader of party. Burr was the Democratic-Republican VP candidate. Adams - Federalist. Incumbent.

Who won?

Jefferson

Significance of Election of 1800

-First time a political party passes control onto another political party
-Politics is available to more common people, not just the elite.
-Triumph for slave-holding South
-Adams so distraught he leaves without participating in the inauguration
-Does not

Northwest Territory

Lands including present day Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin: established by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Marbury v Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

John Marshall

1755-1835. U.S. Chief Supreme Court Justice. Oversaw over 1000 decisions, including Marbury v Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland.

Judicial Review

review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

Lewis and Clark

Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase.

James Madison

4th President of the United States

War of 1812

a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France

What was the causes of the War of 1812?

Giving the Indians guns and supporting them and the English impressing our sailors, and taking our ships

Impressment

British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service

Battle of New Orleans

Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.

Battle of Thames

William Henry Harrison pushed up the river Thames into Upper Canada and on October 4, 1813, won a victory notable for the death of Tecumseh, who was serving as a brigadier general in the British army. This battle resulted in no lasting occupation of Canad

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal

James Monroe

He was the fifth President of the United States. He is the author of the Monroe Doctrine. Proclaimed that the Americas should be closed to future European colonization and free from European interference in sovereign countries' affairs. It further stated

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Regional Differences

Before the Civil War the north had developed into a diverse industrial economy, while the south remained mostly agricultural. This created differences socially and economically

Early Industry in North

Factories and shipping.

South Agriculture

Slave plantations.

Cotton Gin

a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers

Nationalism

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

Sectionalism

loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Henry Clay

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)

American System

an economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay which created a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves This would eventually help America indus

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' wo

Jacksonian Democracy

A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme.

Jackson's policies?

created "kitchen cabinet"(unofficial board of advisors).
Supported Westerners, Expansion, Lower and Middle class

Bank War

Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks

Panic of 1837

Economic downturn caused by loose lending practices of stat banks' and overspeculation. Martin Van Buren spent most of his time in office attempting to stablize and lessen the economic situation

William Henry Harrison

military hero from War of 1812; elected president 1840, died of pneumonia a month later, gave presidency to Tyler

Manifest Destiny

a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)

Santa Fe Trail

an important trade route going between Independence, Missouri and Santa fe, New mexico used from about 1821 to 1880

Oregon Trail

pioneer trail that began in missouri and crossed the great plains into the oregon country

Mormon Migration

The Mormons were persecuted and so, they migrated west along the Oregon Trail. Led by Brigham Young, the Mormons moved to the western states such as Nebraska, Wyoming, across the Rockies, and to the SW. HS: Played a mjor role in development of the West. T

How did Texas gain independence?

Sam Houston forced Santa Ana to give all rights to Texas as an independent country after their victory at the Battle of San Jactino

Stephen F. Austin

known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States.

Texas Revolution

War between Texas settlers and Mexico from 1835-1836 resulting in the formation of the Republic of Texas

The Alamo

Santa Anna's army succeeded in late 1836. His force of 4000 men laid siege to San Antonio, whose 200 Texan defenders retreated into an abandoned mission, the Alamo. After repeated attacks, the remaining 187 Texans including Davy Crockett were wiped out an

Sam Houston

United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)

James K. Polk

president in March 1845. wanted to settle oregon boundary dispute with britain. wanted to aquire California. wanted to incorperate Texas into union.

Republic of California

the nation proclaimed by American settlers in California when they declared their independence from Mexico in 1846

Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo

1848 ends the Mexican American War. For $15 Million the US acquired Texas territory north of the Rio Grande, New Mexico, and California. US territory increased by 1/3 as a result of the treaty.

Market Revolution

economic changes where people buy and sell goods rather than make them themselves

Free Enterprise

an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices

Entrepreneurs

people who start and build a business

Samuel F. B. Morse

invented the telegraph

Lowell Textile Mills

19th-century mills for the manufacture of cloth, located in Lowell, Massachusetts, that mainly employed young women.

Strike

stop work in order to press demands

Immigration

migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)

National Trades' Union

founded in 1834 by delegates from six cities, and in 1836 printers and cordwainers (makers of high quality shoes and boots) set up their own national craft unions.

Commonwealth v Hunt

(1842) a landmark ruling of the MA Supreme Court establishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers.

Unitarians

a member of a religious group that emphasizes reason and faith in an individual; deny the idea of the Holy Trinity