Identify 5 organ systems in the arm
Muscular, Nervous, Lymphatic, Integumentary, Skeletal, Circulatory
Define X Ray
Visualize hard, bony structures and locate abnormally dense structures in the lungs
Define DSA
Digital subtraction angiography
Provides an unobstructed view of diseased blood vessels
Define PET
Positional Emission Tomography,
PET excels in observing metabolic procceses.
Define ultrasound
Employs high-frequency sound waves as its energy source
Define MRI
Allows tracking of blood flow into the brain in real time
Name the six levels of structural organization that make up the the human body from smallest to largest
Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organismal Level
Which two organ systems include the pancreas?
Digestive & Endocrine System
What are the necessary life functions?
Maintain boundaries, movemnet, responsiveness, metabolism, digest, reproduce
Identify the anatomical position and its importance to anatomy and physiology
Erect and palms facing forward. It helps us locate specific parts of the body from every perspective using a simple word
The spine is _________ to the breastbone
Posterior
The nose is __________ to the mouth
Superior
The brain is ___________ to the skull
Deep
The feet are __________ to the knees
Distal
Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major function of each system
Reference Pages #5-6
Integumentary: Skin
Skeletal: Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments, Joints
Muscular: Muscles
Nervous: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Sensory Receptors
Endocrine: Glands & Hormones
Cardiovascular: Heart & Blood Vessels
Lymphatic: picks up fluid leaked from blood vesse
Regional Term: Cervical
Neck Region
Regional Term: Scapular
Shoulder Blade Region
Regional Term: Brachial
Arm
Regional Term: Axillary
Armpit
Regional Term: Patellar
Anterior knee
Regional Term: Popliteal
Posterior knee area
Regional Term: Occipital
Posterior surface of head or base of skull
Regional Term: Crural
Leg
Which directional terms have the same meaning?
Anterior & Ventral
Posterior & Dorsal
The _______ plane separates the anterior and posterior portions of an object
Coronal/Frontal
The _______ plan separates the superior and inferior portions of an object
Transverse
The ________ plan separates the left lateral and right lateral portions of an object at the midline
Sagittal/ Medial
The cranial cavity is within the __________ cavity
Dorsal Body Cavity
The abdominopelvic cavity is within the _________ cavity.
Ventral Body Cavity
What type of bond represents sodium and chlorine?
Ionic Bond
What would happen if acid was added to a solution with a pH of 7? What if a base was added to a solution with a pH of 7?
Go below 7; Go above 7
Identify a weak base (pH number), a weak acid.
Base: 8-14 Weak Base:8-9 Acid: 0-6 Weak Acid: 5-6
How do calculate the atomic mass of an element?
Atomic Number + Neutrons
Describe the atomic nucleus.
Central area of the atom made up of protons and neutrons
identify the parts of the cell theory
- a cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
-The activity of an organism depends on the collective activities of its cells
-According to the "principle of complementarity' the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by th
Identify the tissues associated with connective tissue
Bone, cartilage, connective tissue and blood, Adipose tissue
What tissue is referred to as fat?
Adipose Tissue
A single layer of flat cells would be best described as?
Simple Squamaous Epithelia
Which tissue transmits information from one place to another?
Nervous Tissue
What does the term hyperplasia refer to? Neoplasia?
Hyperplasia: Enlargement of body tissues and organs due to increase in cell number
Neoplasia: An abnormal cell mass that grows without control
The term cuboidal refers to which tissue type?
Epithelium
Identify the correct order of mitosis.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
The innermost serous membrane covering the outside of the heart is the?
Visceral Pericardium
What are the vital functions of the skin?
Converts modified epidermal into Cholesterol to vitamin D
Which tough protein prevents your skin from soaking up mostiure?
Keratin
Identify a homeostatic imbalance caused by skin exposure to chemicals
Contact Dermatitis
What allows a person to become "tan" from the sun?
Melanin
Identify the layers of the epidermis
Stratum Basale, Spinosum, Granuosum, Lucidum, & Corneum
Describe the papillary layer of the dermis
On the outside, produces fingerprints, contains nerve endings, located beneath the epidermis
What is the abnormal skin color from liver disorders known as?
Jaundice
How would a doctor determine the fluid lost in a burn patient?
Using the rules of nines
What is the first threat to life from 3rd degree burn?
Dehydration
What is an indication of melanoma?
Spot that contains areas of different colors
Orange skin pertains to an increased amount of?
Carotene
What happens to bones as we age?
They become calcified (brittle)
Identify the order of the ribs from superior to inferior.
True Ribs, Flase Ribs, Floating Ribs
The sternum composes of what three bones?
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
What bones make up the forearm
Radius & Ulna
What are the two most important elements stored in bones?
Calcium & Phosphorus
Identify short bones
Tarsals, carpals
Identify flat bones
Ribs & Skull Bones
Identify long bones
Femur, Tibia, Humerus, Radius
What suture is found between the parietal and temporal bone?
Squamous Suture
Which facial bone is not paired?
Vomer
The appendicular skeleton consist of what bones?
Pelvic & Limbs
The axial skeleton consist of what bones?
Skull, Vertebra, Ribs (Midline)
Bone growth that occurs due to weight lifting is?
Oppositional Osficciation
Describe a compound fracture
Broken bone ends penetrate through the skin
If a shark were to bite through your arm why would a clean bite be most important?
Ragged edges make ends of blood vessels and nerves difficult to identify and put back together
Identify movements of the arm, forearm, wrist, and fingers
Flextion, extension, abduction, adduction, and opposition
Identify the major muscles of the head.
Frontalis, Buccanator, Zygomatics, & Oculi
What is the function of the quadriceps femoris?
Knee extension
A muscle that WORKS WITH the prime mover is?
Synergist
How do we name muscles?
(Reference Notes)
Direction of the Muscle Fibers,
Relative size of the muscle,
Location of the muscle,
Number of origins,
Loaction of the muscle's origin & insertion,
Shape of the muscle,
Action of the muscle,
Identify the layers of skeletal muscle from deepest to most superficial.
Endo, Peri, Epi
What muscle promotes smiling?
Zygomatics
What TWO muscles allow you to frown or purse your lips?
Orbicularis Oris & Risorius
Which muscle is activated when crossing the legs?
Sartorius
Which facial muscle allows you to laugh?
Risorius
Why do we use terms such as biceps and triceps?
Number of Origins
Raising your head to look at the sky would be an example of?
Hyperextension
Which muscle allows you to shrug your shoulders?
Trapezius
If someone were to place something in your hand, your hand would be considered in what position?
Supinated
When sitting in a chair standing up allows your thighs to _________ and legs to __________
Extend; extend
What does the CNS refer to?
Central Nervous System; Brain and spinal cord
Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the?
Cerebellum
Which nerve contains the sensory fibers involved in hearing?
Cranial XIII (8)
Identify the sequences of connective tissue sheaths from outermost to innermost layer
Epineuron, Perineuron, Endoneuron
What is a stroke also known as
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Which lobe is the primary motor area and enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements?
Frontal
The part of the brain which deals with speech is?
Broca's Area
Identify the correct sequence in a typical reflex arch
Receptor, afferent, integration center, efferent, effector
Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles in the CNS are?
Somatic Sensory
When stepping on a sharp object, what part of the nervous system received the stimulus
Receptor