culture
heritage & influencing background which influence our social constructs, behavior and judgements. This encompasses common beliefs of a group, their traditions, language, styles, values, and opinions on norms for living (pg 4).
race
an anthropological constructwhich classifies people by their physical chars: skin and eye pigmentation, facial features, shape of head, texture of body hair, etc. A term that groups people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock
ethnicity
the nation and culture one identifies with
social class aka, SES
term that distinguishes a person's position in society relative to others within that society
gender
a learned psychological , social, and cultural aspect of a person that describes expected and sanctioned male and female behavior that results from socialization in the US
sexual identity
the degree to which we identify with the social and biological aspects of being a man or a woman
sexual orientation
an aspect of humanness that serves as another basis for discrimination and differential treatment within society, A person's physical and emotional attraction to the opposite sex is often the norm (heterosexism). LGBT, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender. Part of a persons sexual identity
Acculturation
the acquisition of cultural patterns of dominant culture and relinquishing of traditions and customs associated with one's own culture of origin.
Oppression
the state of being deprived of human rights and dignity while lacking the power to do anything about it
self-efficacy
(p 63) the sense of personal competence within the field of education (Albert Bandura)
critical consciousness
a code of ethics and heightened awareness of one's own attitudes, prejudices and values as they relate to dealing with people from different ethnic groups
voluntary minorities
groups of people whose ancestors came to the US in search of greater economic opportunities.
involuntary minorities
groups whose ancestors suffered slavery or colonization in the US and who historically have been denied true assimilation into US society, and finally, are keenly aware of the intergenerational oppression received.
marginal man
a person caught between two cultures who lives in a permanent state of crisis due to an internalized cultural conflict manifesting in intensified self-consciousness, restlessness, and malaise
model minority
mythical concept, Asian Americans are often considered this, studious, hardworking
fourteenth amendment
Freed slaves are proclaimed US citizens
fifteenth amendment
African Americans now have right to vote (132)
civil rights act
passed more than 45 years ago in 1964, declared basic human rights to fair housing and job opportunites and the like for African Americans that had been denied them for more than 100 years after slavery ended.
first wave of women's rights movement
begins with the seneca falls convention, declares the injustices and unequal representation of women in the laws, and encompasses the suffrage movement. women win the right to vote
2nd wave of the women's rights movement
began in the '60s during kennedy's presidency, addressed the treatment of women in society
3rd wave of the women's rights movement
todays women's rights activists, those demanding women's reproductive rights, and fighting glass ceiling and maternal walls.
ADA, Americans with Disabilities Act
extended federal financial assistance to disabled, required a range of public accomodations in private and public sector, prohibits discrimination of qualified disabled individuals in the job setting, demands telecommunicatory devices and programs, as amended public law well as transportation for individuals with disabilities (overall, tore down barriers)
Individuals with Disablilites Education Act, IDEA
amended public law in 1990, replaced the word "handicapped" with "disabilities," and expanded services to include individuals between ages of 3 to 21, covering students
Multicultural Education
designed to teach students about the differences and similarities among ethnic groups, as well as their histories and current standing in hopes of facilitating intercultural interaction
Latino
The preferred term for a person of Latin American or Spanish-speaking descent, often living in the US
Hispanic
a term used by the US Bureau of the Census to include persons of Spanish origin or descent and those who designate themselves as Mexican, Mex-American, Chicago, Puerto-Rican, or Cuban. It is a governmentally fabricated ethnic label. Latin American, American citizen or resident of Spanish or Latin American descent
advocacy in the classroom
represent diversity in decor, social organizations, seating arrangements, and organization of activities. foster positive social identities