What is latent heat?
Latent heat is energy stored or released when a substance changes state.
In the process of condensation, is latent heat stored or release?
What about in the process of evaporation?
In condensation, latent heat is released.
In evaporation latent heat is stored
Which transmits solar energy [transmitted through] best the lithosphere or the hydrosphere?
Solar energy is best transmitted through water, even murky water transmits solar energy better than soil.
During Adiabatic cooling does air expand or shrink, and during adiabatic warming does the air get colder or warmer?
In adiabatic cooling the air expands, in warming the air is compressed.
Explain the angle of incidence when the sun is directly on the horizon. What part of earth is most heated in this situation, and which part receives less Insolation?
The angle of incidence has to do with the amount of sun that hits the earth depending on latitudes. The equator received the most sunlight at noon and the higher latitudes receive less Insolation.
Explain what happens in an Inversion to the temperature as we move up in altitude through the Troposphere.
In an inversion, the temperature warms up in the troposphere instead of cooling as we move up in altitude.
Of the visible wavelength to the human eye, what color is the shortest, what color is the longest wavelength?
The shortest colors start with violet & blue and the longest colors are orange and red.
What is the reason we see the sky as blue and red or pink?
That is due to scattering of Insolation as it enters the atmosphere.
Describe the wave length of hot and cold objects, which are short and which are long?
Hot objects like the sun radiate short wavelengths, while colder objects like earth radiate longer wavelengths.
(1) How may scales do we use to tell temperature, name them.
(2) Which one is used by the USA?
(3) Write the formula to convert 23? Fahrenheit to Celsius.
(1) Three [3], Calvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit.
(2) Fahrenheit.
(3) (23?F-32?) divided by 1.8
Tell me what you know about the energy generated by the SUN.
[NEED ANSWER]
What are the five phase changes of water? List them and briefly explain what is happening in each.
a) Condensation - Gas to Liquid
b) Evaporation - Liquid to Gas
c) Freezing - Liquid to Solid
d) Melting - Solid to Liquid
e) Sublimation - Solid to Gas & Gas to Solid
In order to produce condensation, three items are required in the atmosphere, list those items.
Cool surface, saturated water, cold temperature
Describe the difference between evaporation and evapotranspiration.
Evaporation is the process of
water in oceans, lakes, and rivers going through a phase change from liquid to gas into the
atmosphere. Evapotranspiration is moisture from soil, plants, and other inanimate surfaces
evaporating into the air.
Which requires more energy input, the latent heat of melting or the latent heat of vaporization?
The latent heat of vaporization requires seven times more heat than that of melting.
Latent heat is required for a phase change, is that heat stored or released?
It is either stored or released; it depends of which phase change it is going through
List the parts of a water molecule. Which part is positively charged and which is negatively charged?
a) Oxygen atom - negative charge
b) Hydrogen atom - positive charge
If you were to draw stable and unstable air, what is the name of the line in the atmosphere where clouds begin to form; it separates dry adiabatic air from saturated adiabatic air?
It is called the lifting condensation level.
List four things you can tell me about the atmosphere when it is raining.
a) The air is saturated past the condensation level
b) The temperature is below freezing or it would snow and not rain
c) Rain drops in the clouds have collided and coalesced to form larger drops
d) I should be able to see the lifting condensation level o
What is the function of a covalent bond?
It is a tight bond that holds the single water molecule together.
When considering water molecules [more than one molecule] what is the function of a hydrogen bond?
This bond holds several water molecules together.
Is the Latent Heat in the freezing phase change stored or released?
Released
Is the Latent Heat in the condensation phase change stored or released?
Released
Is the Latent Heat in the melting phase change stored or released?
Stored
Is the Latent Heat in the evaporation phase change stored or released?
Stored
Trade Winds are in ___
ITCZ Zone (Intertropical Continental Zone)
Horse Winds are in ___
Subtropical
Rosby waves are in ___
Northern Hem.
Jet Streams are formed by ___
colliding warm and cold water
In inversion air ___
increases
What is a pressure gradient?
Winds that are blowing from high to low, movement across isobars
What is a Barometer?
Measures air pressure
What is a Milobar?
Unit (degrees --> celsius)
What happens to the air in the center of a hurricane?
Air sinks
When there's low pressure, air ___
rises
When it's dynamic, it's __
fast
What is the angle of incidence?
The angle that the sun hits the earth
The angle of incidence is ___ at high latitude
less intense
The sun has __ waves while the earth gives off __ waves
shorter; longer
Why do we see the sky as blue?
We see blue because of relay scattering
Why do we see the sky as sometimes being red or pink (ex. sunset)?
We see red because of distance of color & angle of earth
What is sublimation?
The phase for a solid to a gas
Antartica is the ___
largest dessert
In abiatetic cooling, air ___
expands (expansion of parcel of air / air balloon)
In diabetic warming, air ___
condenses (shrinking of parcel of air / air balloon)
Who uses fahrenheit? Who uses celsius?
We use Fahrenheit, everyone else uses Celsius
What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
(F? - 32) / 18
How many atoms does a covalent bond hold?
One atom
How many atoms does a hydrogen bond hold?
several
Which is harder to break? Covalent Bonds or Hydrogen Bonds?
Covalent Bonds
What is the hottest color?
The hottest color is violet, but we see blue cause its scattered. Whether we see red/blue - scattering is the cause.
What is the result of monsoons?
Wind & warm water associated with reversal of winds. High > low
In a single second, what is the equivalent power of the sun's energies?
A single second, the sun gives energy equal to 1-week of energy plants.
Anti-cycles spiral ___.
clockwise
What are the Santa Anna, Sennle, & ___ winds?
They are the same thing w/ different names.
What direction do Monsoons blow?
West
Africa's most prominent moonsoon?
Western
What does geostrophic winds mean?
Always blow parallel to isobars
In Rayba Scattering, which is further and warmer/cooler: blue __ / __ ; red __ / __
blue heat / close ; red cooler / further
Where is the intertropical zone found?
Mid Latitudes
What is stable air?
Air that resists vertical movement; fighting going up
What direction do rosby winds move?
Up & down
What are rosby waves?
Very large onjalating winds in the Westerlies
Air masses have
1.
2.
3.
Uniform properties; LARGE 1,000 miles (1/3 size U.S.); Recognizable, maintain its properties/characteristics
Cold front
Blue triangles
Warm Front
Half red circles
Whats the difference between stationary & occluded fronts?
Stationary is when air mass isnt pushing the other; Occluded is warm & cold air blends in together AND ENDS THE STORM (purple)
What direction do hurricanes move in?
East to west, counter-clockwise
Where is the hurricane's eye of the storm?
In the middle of the storm
Condensation must have
Cold surface, saturated air, cold temperature
What takes 7x's more energy to what?
Vaporization
What are winds of commerce?
Trade winds
What direction do Cyclones spin in and what is their pressure?
Opposites of counter-clones; low pressure, counter-clockwise
Columbus clouds are
puffy-foam
Cirrus clouds are
Thin and whispy
Stratus clouds are
Fog
Where are the horse winds?
Subtropical
What is the Hydrolic cycle?
Evaporation & Evapotransportation
What is Evapotransportation?
From the land, animals, etc.
What involves Evaporation?
From the oceans/water
Why does hail become bigger?
Because it collides with super cold water
Air Mass Initial: "m" stands for
Moist
Air Mass Initial: "P" stands for
Polar Cold
Air Mass Initial: "c" stands for
Continentality
Air Mass Initial: "T" stands for
Tropical
Air Mass Initial: "E" stands for
Equitorial
What does low pressure on air pressure do?
Rises up
What is the average lifespan of a cyclone?
About a week
What is the source of hurricanes, typhoons, etc?
Warm Water
What direction do Hurricanes / Cyclones spin & what is their pressure?
Counter-clockwise; low pressure