Phylogeny
Is the evolutionary history of a species or groupings of related species using fossil, molecular, and genetic DNA
Taxonomy
Is the ordered division and naming of organisms
Linnaeus
Published a system of taxonomy based on resemblances and increasing broad categories
Binomial Nomenclature
The two part scientific name of a species
Genus
First part of name of a species two part scientific name. A taxonomic category above the species level
Species
Second part of name of a species two part scientific name
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
Taxonomic species from broad to narrow
Taxon or taxa
A taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy
Bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
Three domain system
Peptidoglycan
Bacterial cell wall that is a network of sugar polymers cross linked by polypeptides
Taxis
The ability to move toward or away from certain stimuli
Binary Fission
Prokaryotes reproduce this way, quickly by dividing every 1-3 hours. Cell division. A method of asexual reproduction. Does not involve mitosis in prokaryotes but in eukaryotes mitosis happens
Protists
Are eukaryotes and have organelles and are more complex than prokaryotes
Photoautotrophs
Which contain chloroplasts
Heterotrophs
Which absorb organic molecules or ingest larger food particles
Mixotrophs
Which combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition
Endosymbiosis
Taking in the another cell as an organelle. A process in which a unicellular organism, the host, engulfs another cell, which lives inside the host cell and ultimately becomes and organelle
Symbionts
Benefiting from their hosts. The smaller participant In a symbiotic relationship living in or on the host
Producers
An organism that produces organic compounds from CO2 by harnessing light energy or oxidizing inorganic chemicals
Euglenids
Have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell, can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic
Dinoflagellate
Are a diverse group of aquatic Mixotrophs and heterotrophs with two flagella
Diatoms
Are unicellular with a unique two part, glass like wall of hydrated silia
Golden Algae
Are named for their color, which results from their yellow and brown carotenoids
Brown Algae
Are the largest and most complex algaw, most are marine called seaweeds
Red algae
Are reddish in color due to an accessory pigment called phyrsoeythrim, which masks the green of chlorophyll, are usually multicellular and large
Green algae
Are named for their grass green chloroplasts
Ciliates
A large varied group, are named for their use of cilia (tiny hairs) to move and feed
Plasmodium
Is the Protist parasite that causes malaria
Amoebas
Move and feed by pseudopodia and characterized a protist
Pseudopodia
False feet
Slime molds
Are brightly pigmented and usually are yellow or orange, once thought to be fungi, also known as mycetozoans
Heterotrophs
Absorb nutrients outside of the body
Yeasts
Single cell fungi common body structure
Mycelia
With networks of branched hyphae adapted for absorption
Hyphae
One of many connected filaments that collectively make up the mycelium of a fungus
Chitin
Most fungi have cell walls made out of this
Mycorrhizae
Are mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots
Spores
How fungi reproduces as either sexual or asexual. A haploid cell that produces a mycelium after germination
Bud cells
Asexual reproduction in which outgrowths from the parent form and pinch off to live independently or else remain attached to eventually form extensive colonies
Zygomycetes
(Phylum zygomycota) include fast growing molds, parasites, and commensal symbionts
Ascomycetes
(Phylum ascomycota) live in marine, fresh water, and terrestrial habitats
Asci
A saclike spore capsule located at the tip of a dikaryotic hypha of a sac fungus
Ascocarps
The fruiting body of a sac fungus
Sac fungi
Common name for ascocarps
Basidomycetes
(Phylum basidiomycota) include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi, mutualists, and plant parasites
Basidium
Club like structure
Club fungi
Another name for basidomycetes
Lichen
Is a symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus in which millions of photosynthetic cells are held in a mass of fungal hyphae
Mycosis
General term for a fungal infection in animals