Roanoke
Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.
Jamestown
first permanent English settlement in the Americas (1607), along James River
St Augustine
Founded in 1565, the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in United States territory
The Virginia Company,
The joint-stock company which established Jamestown and allowed colonists to own land
joint stock company
A company in which investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of its future profits
John Smith
Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
John Rolfe
He brought tobacco to Jamestown, which saved this colony from failing, and he also was married to Pocahontas
Pocahontas
Daughter of the Powhatan chief who is said to have saved the life of Captain John Smith; married John Rolfe.
House of Burgesses
The first representative assembly in the American Colonies( Virginia, 1619)
Plymouth Plantation
Where the original "Pilgrims" landed on the Mayflower, signed the Mayflower compact
Pilgrims
Group of English Protestant dissenters ( Separatists)who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620.
Puritans
A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
Separatists
People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims.
Mayflower Compact
a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government
Squanto
the Native American who taught the Pilgrims to fish, farm and hunt in the new land
Samoset
the Indian who spoke English and helped the Pilgrims
John Winthrop
Puritan Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill
Great Migration
Settlement of over twenty thousand Puritans in Massachusetts Bay and other parts of New England between 1630 and 1642.
Roger Williams
He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.
Anne Hutchinson
She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639.
New Amsterdam
a settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island. Annexed by the English in 1664 and renamed New York in honor of the Duke of York
Patroons
Wealthy landowners in the New Netherlands who got large estates by bringing 50 settlers.
Peter Stuyvesant
The governor of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, hated by the colonists. They surrendered the colony to the English on Sept. 8, 1664.
Duke of York
King Charles II gave the entire area between Connecticut and Maryland to his brother. This created a problem with the Dutch who occupied this area. In 1664 English forces capture New Amsterdam without a fight and the rest of the Dutch settlements soon fol
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
First Constitution written in America - limited the governor's power in Connecticut, allowed non church members to vote
William Penn
He was an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II . He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance.
Quakers
Society of Friends; Protestant sect founded in 1640s in England whose members believed that salvation was available to all people.
Pacifists
people opposed to the use of violence
Lord Baltimore
He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
Act of Toleration
a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians.
Bacon's Rebellion
Rebellion of discontent by former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon. Though the rebellion was crushed, it caused a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.
James Oglethorpe
He established colony of Georgia as a place for honest debtors and to create a buffer colony.
debtors
People who owe money
New France
French colony in North America, with a capital in Quebec, founded 1608. New France fell to the British in 1763. (p. 489)
Quebec
First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain
New Spain
Spanish colony in North America including Mexico, Central America, the southwest United States, and many of the Carribean islands from the 1500s to the 1800s
Father Junipero Serra
Founded a chain of 21 missions along the California coast
Bartolome De Las Casas
Spaniard who fought for Native American rights.
mestizos
people of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
creoles
People of European ancestry born in Spanish New World colonies; dominated local economies; ranked socially below peninsulares.
peninsulares
colonists who were born in Spain. They are the highest class in Spain's colonies in the Americas.
Laws of the Indies
A code describing how the Spanish colonies would be organized and ruled. It established three types of settlement: pueblos, presidios, and missions. It also established four rigid social classes.
Louis Joliet
Frenchman who explored the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River
Jacques Marquette
French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley .
Missions
religious settlements run by Catholic Priests and friars.