The leading cause of death in the United States is
Cardiovascular Disease or CVD
The six major risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be changed are
tobacco use, HBP (high blood pressure), unhealthy cholesterol levels, physical activity, obesity, and diabetes
Smoking affects the cardiovascular system by
damaging arteries, reduces HDL, raises LDL, increases blood pressure and heart rate, reduces available oxygen
Which of the following cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are modifiable?
Genetics, age and gender
Which statement about how smoking harms the cardiovascular system is true?
Gender, age and genetics
The point for blood pressure at or above which an adult is diagnosed with hypertension is
140 over 90
A person with high blood pressure should increase their intake of
foods rich in potassium and fiber, less sodium and less saturated and trans fat
The primary symptoms of hypertension is
none - known as the silent killer
People with hypertension, African Americans, and middle-aged and older adults should aim to consume no more than ______ mg sodium per day.
1500 mg sodium per day.
While cholesterol is important for many body functions, excess cholesterol is hazardous to health because it is deposited
in blood vessels and can block arteries
The form of blood fat that carries cholesterol out from the liver to other parts of the body and can lead to cholesterol deposits on artery walls is
Bad cholesterol: low density lipoproteins.
The form of cholesterol that shuttles cholesterol back to the liver for recycling is
HDL
The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that all adults have their lipoprotein levels measured at least once every
5 years starting at age 20
For adults, a desirable level of total cholesterol is less than ________ mg/dl.
200mg/dl.
A desirable level of HDL for adults is
60 mg or more
Which one of the following cholesterol profiles would place someone at greatest risk for heart disease?
High LDL and triglyceride levels
Exercise alters blood fat levels by
lowering triglyceride levels and LDL and raises HDL
Cardiovascular disease risk is greatest for people who tend to store body fat in the
abdomen
The recommended level of triglycerides for adults is
less than 150mg/dl
Which of the following is true about triglycerides?
reduced through exercise
Which of the following psychological traits are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk?
Type A personalities
The incidence of stroke more than doubles in each successive decade for people over ________ years.
55 years
Which of the following statements about gender and CVD is true?
Estrogen may protect premenopausal during the childbearing years, and protect premenopausal women against CVD.
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that includes
abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL and high blood glucose
Atherosclerosis is
hardening of the artery walls: deposit of fat
Atherosclerosis in an artery supplying blood to the heart is called
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
The heart muscle receives its blood supply from the
Coronary arteries
When a coronary artery is completely blocked, the result is
a heart attack
The most common symptom associated with angina pectoris is
pain in chest, arm, and/or shoulders
An arrhythmia is
a change in the normal pattern of the heartbeat - irregular heartbeat
Sudden cardiac death most often occurs due to
ventricular fibrillation - an arrhythmia
______ measure(s) the electrical activity of the heart and can be used to detect the presence of heart disease.
Electrocardiograms (EKG or ECG)
Which one of the following is a treatment for heart disease?
Clot-dissolving agent and anti-hypertensive drugs
Blockage of blood supply to the brain causes
a stroke
A stroke caused by a ruptured blood vessel is a(n)
hemorrhagic stroke
Which of the following is a warning sign of a heart attack?
chest discomfort, discomfort in upper body, and shortness of breath
Congestive heart failure is
condition resulting from the hearts inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it.
According to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the recommended percentage of saturated fat calories in the diet is _____ of total calories for most people.
7%
A dietary change that would help prevent cardiovascular disease is to increase the intake of foods high in
Fiber
Which one of the following is a good source of dietary fiber?
whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
The number-one risk factor for heart disease that you can control is .
Cigarette smoking
Cholesterol testing should begin at age
20
Smoking raises levels of HDL cholesterol in the blood.
False: Smoking raises levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood.
Cigarette smoke reduces the amount of oxygen available to the body.
TRUE
Long-term exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been shown to increase a person's risk for cardiovascular disease.
TRUE
High blood pressure has obvious early warning signs.
False: High blood pressure is known as the silent killer
Exercise is one way of controlling high blood pressure.
TRUE
Exercise can help reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease by decreasing blood pressure and increasing HDL levels.
TRUE
People with pre-diabetes are at increased risk of experiencing CVD.
TRUE
CVD risk increases as a person's HDL level increases.
False: CVD risk increases as a person's HDL level decreases.