Chemistry Final Review

Definition of molar volume

Volume occupied by one mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure

Definition of molar mass

A term used to refer to the mass of a mole of any substance

Definition of atomic mass

The weighted average of the masses of the isotopes in a chemical reaction

Definition of representative particle

The smallest unit into which a substance can be broken down without a change in the composition, usually Atoms, molecules, or ions

Definition of mole

The amount of a substance that contains 6.02�10 to the 23rd representative particles of that substance

Definition of avocados number

The number of representative particles contained in one mole of a substance

Definition of percent composition

The percent by mass of each element in a compound

Definition of STP

The conditions under which the volume of a gas is usually measured, standard temperature is 0�C and standard pressure is 101.3 KPA, or one atmosphere

Definition of empirical formula

A formula with the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound

Definition of actual yield

The amount of products that forms when a reaction is carried out in the laboratory

Definition of percent yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage; a measure of the efficiency of a reaction

Definition of theoretical yield

The amount of product that could form during a reaction calculated from a balanced chemical equation for; it represents the maximum amount of product that could be formed from a given amount of reactant

Definition of excess reagent

A reagent present in a quantity that's more than sufficient to react with a limiting reagent; any react to that remains after the limiting reagent is used up is a chemical reaction

Definition of limiting reagent

Any reacted that's used up first in a chemical reaction; it determines the amount of product that can be formed in the reaction

Definition of mass

A measure of the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram

Definition of Number of moles

The mass of a substance containing the same number of fundamental units

Definition of volume

A measure of the space occupied by a sample of matter

Definition of kinetic theory

A theory explaining the states of matter, based on the concept that all matter consist of tiny particles that are in constant motion

Definition of atmospheric pressure

The pressure exerted by Adams and molecules in the atmosphere surroundings. Earth resulting from collisions of these particles with objects

Definition of vapor pressure

A measure of the force exerted by a gas above a liquid in a sealed container; a dynamic equilibrium exist between the vapor and the liquid

Definition of barometer

An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure

Definition of Kinetic Energy

The energy and object has because of its motion

Definition of salvation

The process of attraction and association of molecules or ions of a solute

Definition of weak electrolyte

A solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exist as ions

Definition of aqueous solution

Water that contains dissolved substances

Definition of solvent

The dissolving medium in a solution

Definition of electrolyte

A compound that conducts an electric current when it's in a aqueous solution or in the molten state; all ionic compounds are electrolytes, but most covalent compounds are not

Definition of colloid

Hey make sure who's particles are intermediate in size between those of a suspension and isolation

Definition of surfactant

Any substance that interferes with the hydrogen bonding between water molecules and thereby reduce his tension; soaps are an example

What are the characteristics of an ionic compound?

Ionic compounds are formed from strong electrostatic interactions between ions, which results in higher melting points and electrical current ductility compared to covalent compounds

How many electrons can occupy a single orbital?

Two electrons

What is the shape of the methane molecule?

Terrahedral

What causes water molecules to have a bench seat?

Its caused by the VSEPR theory. The valance shell, electron pair repulsion theory; because electron pairs repulsion molecules adjust their shape so that valence electron pairs are as far apart as possible

How many valence electrons does an iodine Atom have?

Eight valence electrons

List the seven diatomic elements

Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, flooring, chlorine, bromine, and iodine

What's the SI unit equal to Avogadro's number of particles?

6.022�10 to the 23rd

What's the molar mass of AuCl3

303.4g

How many malls are in 36.0g Be?

4 moles

What's the percent composition of carbon, and heptane?

83.9% carbon

Define catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent chemical change

Define stoichiometry

The relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction or forming a compound, typically a ratio of whole integers

State the law of conservation of mass

It states that mass is isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations

List the parts of the kinetic theory

1. All matter is made up of atoms and molecules
2. These tiny particles are always in motion; the higher the temperature in the faster they move
3. At the same temperature, I have your particles move more slowly than small particles

What instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

Barometer

What is standard temperature? What is standard pressure?

Temperature - 273.1 5K
Pressure - 100 KPA

What happens to molecules at absolute zero? What Kelvin temperature is absolute zero?

Molecules have minimal vibrational motion. Zero on the Kelvin scale is absolute zero

What happens to the temperature of a liquid as it evaporates?

The temperature rises

Water could be made to boil at 105�C instead of 100�C by doing what to pressure?

By increasing pressure

If the volume of the container is reduced, what will happen to the pressure?

The pressure decreases

Is a sealed the syringe is cooled, and which direction will the plunger move?

It will move inward

Why does water have a low vapor pressure and high surface tension?

Hydrogen bonding causes the inward force that minimizes the surface area of water, in the tendency of water molecules escaping this bond to become is slim and or slow, thus creating it's low pressure

Which atom in a water molecule has the greatest electronegativity?

Oxygen

Are ionic or covalent substances more someone water?

Ionic compounds

List several colloids

Foam, emotions, gels, and aerosols

What is the bond angle in a water molecule?

104.5�