What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 12H20 + Light Energy ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H20
PSII has _____ ____ _____ that have a maximal light absorption at 680 nm called PS680
reaction center chlorophylls
The primary acceptor in PSII are a group of molecules called _______
Pheophytin's
Pheophytin is a chlorophyll molecule without _______
magnesium
Linear electron flow is referred to as _____ _____ electron flow
non cyclic
Linear electron flow steps
...
1. Light energy of specific wavelengths is absorbed by _____ ______
antenna chlorophylls
2. Electrons are elevated by this energy to an ______ _____
exited state
3. The electrons in antenna pigment molecules become _______ and the energy eventually reaches chlorophylls in the reaction center of _______
excited, P680
4. The reaction chlorophylls in PSII use this energy to elevate an electron to a _____ ______ ______ and the electron is transferred to a primary electron acceptor
Higher energy level
5. P680 becomes ______ in one electron
deficient
6. Water is split in the thylakoid lumen by an _____ ____ ______ (photolysis) , releasing 2 H+ and O and electrons
enzyme catalyzed reaction
7. The electrons are ______ by those lost by P680 and O combines with the other O generated by ______ and forms O2 and H+ is released into the thylakoid lumen
replaced, photolysis,
8. Electrons pass from the primary acceptor in PSII to an _____ ______ ______ consisting of plastiquinone, a cytochrome complex, and plastocynin
electron transport chain
9. As electrons move down the chain, hydrogen pumps move _____ against a concentration gradient into proton rich thylakoid space.
H+
10 Protons move down the concentration gradient through ____ _____ and ATP is generated
ATP Synthase
The cyclic electron flow only uses ______ ______
Photosystem I
The Linear Electron Flow uses ____ ___ and ____ _____
Photosystem I and II
Cyclic Electron Flow Steps
...
1. Electrons from the primary acceptor of PSII _____ _____ via ferrodoxin to the electron transport chain between PSI and PSII
cycle back
2. Protons are umped into the thylakoid space as in the linear pathway and ATP is produced but no _______ is produced
NADH
If a plant is deficient, for some reason in NADP+ to use as an electron acceptor, it will proceed with the _______ _____ ______
Cyclic Electron Flow
In the Linear electron flow , O2 is _______ and it generates ATP and _______ and ______ occurs and there is splitting of water
generated, NADPH, Photolysis
In the Cyclic Electron Flow, no _____ is generated, ATP is generated but _______ is not and there is no _______, which means there is no splitting of water
O2, NADPH, Photolysis
The _______ cycle is an anabolic cycle that consumes energy to synthesize 3 carbon molecules from CO2
Calvin
It takes _____ trips through the calvin cycle to synthesize one 3 carbon molecule of G3P
3
Phase 1 of Calvin Cycle (Carbon Fixation)
...
1. Addition of CO2 to ______ _______
ribulose biphosphate
2. Catalyzed by ______ _______ _______
Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxalse
3. Product of the reaction forms an unstable intermediate which results to form two molecules of _____ _______ or 6 in three cycles
3 phosphoglycerate
Reduction Phase of Calvin Cycle
...
1. Uses energy from 2 ATP's and 2 ______
NADPH's
2. Product of the second reaction is ________ ____ ______
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
3. ______ G3P are produced during 3 cycles
6
4. _____ G3P exits the cycle as the final product
1
5. _____ G3P are cycle around to regenerate ribulose biphosphate
5
6. NADP+ and _____ return to the light reactions, where they are reduced to NADPH and ATP
ADP
Phase 3 of Calvin Cycle (Regeneration Phase)
...
1. Multi-step series of enzyme reactions convert ______ G3P to 3 RuBP
5
2. Requires a total of ____ ATP, one per cycle
3
To produce one G3P at the output of the Calvin Cycle requires fixation of _____ CO2 and the reduction of ____ ATP's and 6 _______
3, 9, NADPH's
_______ converts solar energy into chemical energy
Photosynthesis
In the equation of photosynthesis, CO2 becomes _______ and H20 becomes _______
reduced, oxidized
Which goes first, Photosystem I or II
II
The Calvin Cycle uses chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2 to ______
sugar