Abiathar
High priest and fourth in descent from Eli. (B.C. 1060-1012.) Abiathar was the only one of the all the sons of Ahimelech the high priest who escaped the slaughter inflicted upon his father's house by Saul, in revenge for his father's house by Saul, in rev
Abishag
a beautiful Shunammite (from Shunem, in the tribe of Issachar), taken into David's harem to comfort him in his extreme old age.
Abner
The commander in chief of the army of Saul. Israel's first king. He was Saul's highest military official.
(Blessing p. 239) Led the forces of Ish-Bosheth (Saul's son- the only one that survived in battle), ABNER killed Asahel, brother of Joab, later Ish-B
Absalom
from the Hebrew meaning father of peace, was the third son of King David, and Maacah, one of the king's numerous wives and concubines (2 Samuel 3:3). Contrary to his name, Absalom was not a man of peace. His personal vanity and disloyalty to his father du
Asaph
A Levite, son of Berechiah, one of the leaders of David's choir. (1 Chronicles 6:39) Psalms 50 and 73-83 are attributed to him; and he was in after times celebrated as a seer as well as a musical composer.
Acrostic
a poem, word puzzle, or other composition in which certain letters in each line form a word or words.
Adonijah
The fourth son of David ( 2 Samuel 3:4 ). After the death of his elder brothers, Amnon and Absalom, he became heir-apparent to the throne. But Solomon, a younger brother, was preferred to him. Adonijah, however, when his father was dying, caused himself t
Ahab
the son of King Omri. He was one of Israel's most powerful rulers. He was King of the Northern Ten Tribes of Israel from 874 to 853 B.C. Many consider him the WORST ruler that ancient Israel ever had. His wife Jezebel was so evil that she has come to symb
Ahaz
twenty years old when he succeeded his father Jotham to the throne of Judea. He was a weak and idolatrous king. He even made his son walk through the fire of Moloch, aping the abominable custom of the Phoenicians. Another son, Hezekiah, who was to become
Amnon
Although he was the heir-apparent to David's throne, Amnon is best remembered for the rape of his half-sister Tamar, daughter of David with Maachah.
Amos
(765-760 BC) From Judah a town called Tekoa, shepherd and keeper of sycamore figs. His message: condemns the social injustice, warns about impending judgement. Main theme: Day of the Lord- calling them to true repentance.
Assyrians
a major Mesopotamian East Semitic kingdom and empire of the Ancient Near East, existed as an independent state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC, until its collapse between 612 BC
Athaliah
Athaliah was queen consort of Judah as the wife of King Jehoram, a descendant of King David, and later queen regnant for six years.
Baal
Baal was the name of the supreme god worshiped in ancient Canaan and Phoenicia. The practice of Baal worship infiltrated Jewish religious life during the time of the Judges, became widespread in Israel during the reign of Ahab and also affected Judah.
Baasha
Baasha was the son of Ahijah, of the tribe of Issachar. He was the third King of the northern kingdom of Israel and he reigned for 24 years at Tirzah. He became king after assassinating King Nadab, who was the son of King Jeroboam. He then tried to streng
Babylonians
Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking Semitic state and cultural region based in central-southern Mesopotamia. A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC, which contained at this time the minor city of Babylon.
Bathsheba
Bathsheba was King David's most famous wife because their marriage came after an illicit extramarital affair at the height of David's reign (circa 1005-965 B.C.). The story of Bathsheba and David has proved so enduring that its plot has been borrowed for
Battle of Qarqar
The Battle of Qarqar was fought in 853 BC, when the army of Assyria led by king Shalmaneser III encountered an allied army of eleven kings at Qarqar, led by Hadadezer of Damascus and King Ahab of Israel.
Bethel and Dan
(Place) After seeking advice, the king made two golden calves. He said to the people, "It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem. Here are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt." One he set up in Bethel, and the other in Dan.
Bildad
son of contention, one of Job's friends. He is called "the Shuhite," probably as belonging to Shuah, a district in Arabia, in which Shuah, the sixth son of Abraham by Keturah, settled. He took part in each of the three controversies into which Job's frien
David
The second king of Judah and Israel. He slew the Philistine giant Goliath and succeeded Saul as king. He is the reputed author of many of the Psalms.
Elijah
a prophet and a wonder-worker in the northern kingdom of Israel during the reign of Ahab.Served as the king's advisor, showed God's compassion.Secular power was not the answer to the nation's problems.
Elihu
Elihu was one of Job's friends�not one of the three who had come to comfort Job at the beginning of the book, but one who arrives later and offers the last and longest single speech to Job. Elihu is identified only as the "son of Barakel the Buzite, of th
Eliphaz
The Temanite, in the Old Testament Book of Job, one of three friends who sought to console Job, who is a biblical archetype of unmerited suffering. The word Temanite probably indicates that he was an Edomite, or member of a Palestinian people descended fr
Elisha
Elisha was the faithful disciple of the prophet Elijah, and his successor. He had followed his master from the moment they met, when Elisha was a young man, plowing his father's field near the ancient town of Abel-mecholah in northern Israel. Elisha saw h
Former Prophets
Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings
Latter Prophets
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve minor prophets
Hazael
a court official and later an Aramean king who is mentioned in the Bible. Under his reign, Aram-Damascus became an empire that ruled over large parts of Syria and Palestine.
Hebel
breath
Hesed
loving-kindness
Hezekiah
The twelfth king of Judea, Hezekiah the son of Ahaz, was a man of extraordinary qualities and piety. He had truly been a comfort to the suffering people even while his godless father was yet on the throne. The prophets who had condemned Ahaz and his cliqu
Hosea
Native of the Northern Kingdom, living message of God & Israel's relationship. Married a prostitute, 3 children names symbolized God's coming judgement (Jezreel, Loammi- not my people, Lo Ruhamah- no mercy/compassion). Book structured like a legal case- 3
Hoshea
Hoshea was the 19th and final king of the ancient kingdom of Israel. He was the son of Elah and he became king after he assassinated King Pekah. He reigned nine years in Samaria (733-724 BC). King Hoshea's arm
Hymns/praise psalms
positive; talk about God's goodness and power, guide to worship
Descriptive praise psalms- depict and extol God's greatness
Royal psalms- address the human king as God's representative
Jehoiachin
Son of Jehoiakim, and for three months and ten days king of Judah. (B.C. 597.) At his accession Jerusalem was quite defenseless, and unable to offer any resistance to the army which Nebuchadnezzar sent to besiege it. (2 Kings 24:10,11) In a very short tim
Jehoiakim
11-year reign was disastrous. Although he had opportunity to follow his father Josiah's righteous example, Jehoiakim turned to evil. Jeremiah described him as a presumptuous ruler who abused his own people and persecuted and murdered God's servants.
Jehu
the tenth king of Israel since Jeroboam I, noted for exterminating the house of Ahab at the instruction of Jehovah. He was the son of Jehoshaphat, and grandson of Nimshi. God began to reduce the size of Israel through enemies.
Jeroboam
was from the tribe of Ephraim, a servant of King Solomon's, and the son of a widow. He later became the first king of the divided northern kingdom of Israel.
Viewed as evil. rebelled w/ 10 N tribes. Instituted new religion w/ golden calves, estab. a new f
Jeroboam II
Restored the boundaries of Israel, most prosperous in Northern Kingdom's history- collapse of moral standards, Hosea and Amos prophesied.
Jerusalem
NEW CAPITAL (April 1st ppt.)-
transcended tribal allegiance
occupied by Jebusites not Israelites
bordered Benjamin and Judah's territory
was a central location for most tribes
located close to transportation routes for easy accessibility
centralizes polit
Jezebel
Ahab's wife (Ahab- 8th king in the N.K.)
Was a capable administrator, albeit somewhat ruthless in looking out for her own interests
Served Baal and Asherah
Dominated over Ahab
Joab
(Blessing p. 239) Abner-> Ish-Bosheth while JOAB-> David they met at a pool near Gibeon and decided to have a "contest." -> death of 24 men
JOAB KILLED ABNER bc Abner killed his brother
Job
Part of the writings (Ketuvim), Wisdom (Proverbs, Job, Eccles.)
Characters: narrator, The Lord, Satan, Job, his wife, Eliphaz, Bildad, Zophar, Elihu
Prominent themes: retribution Principle-God's Justice/ Job's righteousness (Job's friends' argument), God'
Jonah
Northern Minor prophet
During Jeroboam 2
Adviser to the K
From JUDAH: Gath Hepher-> sent to preach to the enemy (Assyria)
Structure:
Call & flight
Psalm from the fish's belly
Nineveh's repentance (770-744 BC)
Jonah's lesson
Three main themes: God's Sover.
Josiah
Southern King- boy king
Good king in every way. Restored temple, discovered book of Law
Death was tragic bc of interfering in international politics
Lament
Individual: ? of the psalms, express of grief or sorrow, dominated by the theme of pain and suffering
Corporate/communal: 12 identified, written for times of national crisis, recited in some type of special ceremony for lament
-usually have:
Invocation: a
Rehoboam
1st Southern King
Viewed as evil
Lost 10 tribes through stupidity: refused to cut taxes & threatened to raise them
Only Judah & Benjamin tribes left
Suffered invasion from Egypt (Shishak)
Levites who were unemployed under Jeroboam's syncretistic religion-
Retribution Principle
God's justice/ Job's righteousness
Royal psalms
Performed before the king, maybe used at enthronement of king, concerned mainly with "kings" and kingship
Royal display:
Praise for/by the king
Affirmations of Yahweh's favor to the king
Prayers for the king or the king's own prayer/OR oracles about the k
Manasseh
Evil king- worst of the bunch, doomed the kingdom
Reversed Hezekiah's reforms, began false worship, set up idols, & even performed child sacrifice
Exact opposite of his father (Hezekiah)
Repented near the end bc king of Assyria came up to Jerusalem & led
Megillot
(Festival Scrolls)
parts of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third major section of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). The Five Scrolls are the Song of Songs, the Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Esther. These five relatively shor
Mephibosheth
from the mouth of shame"
son of Jonathan, and grandson of King Saul
Michal
daughter of Saul
1st wife of David
risked life for David
criticized David for dancing in streets after ark of the covenant was brought to Jerusalem
Major prophets
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, and Daniel.
books are longer and the content has broad, even global implications.
Minor prophets
Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. The Minor Prophets are also sometimes called The Twelve.
heir books are shorter (although Hosea and Zechariah are almost as long as Daniel) and the conte
Nathan
God sent Nathan (prophet advisor) who gave a situational hint at current case that David's son would die
Told David that Adonijah was about to be king and he knew that Solomon was supposed to be king
Nebuchadnezzar
king of Babylonia- considered the greatest king of the Babylonian Empire and is credited with the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
most famous for the conquering of Judah and the destruction of Judah and Jerusalem
Ninevah
capital of the ancient kingdom and empire of Assyria
Omri
4th dynasty of Northern. Kingdom
reigned 6 years in Tirzah
one of most influential kings of I
alliances with Assyrian/phoenicians- arranges marriage for Ahab with Jezebel
moved capital to Samaria- remains there until 722 BC
Orphah
wife of Chilion
daughter in law of Naomi
husband dies- heads back to Moab
sister in law of Ruth
Parallelism
3 types:
synonymous- A=B- same sentiment=equivalent
Antilletic- A isn't B- opp./contrasting
Synthetic- A&B- constructive parallelism- 1st verse=A, extended=B, sometimes C
Philistines
The battle on this occasion proved disastrous to the Israelites; Saul himself perished, and the Philistines penetrated across the Jordan and occupied the, forsaken cities.
The whole of Philistine was included in Solomon's empire.
the Philistines, joined b
Proverb
part. of Wisdom books- Job, Ecclesiates, (proverbs)
instructional wisdom
part of writings- Ketuvim
Qohelet
words of a preacher(found in Ecclesiastes)- not a name
origin= Hebrew Qahal- to summon/assemble
son of David- King in Jerusalem
Rehoboam
Southern. king
evil
lost ten tribes- son of Solomon
fled for life when North. breaks off
heavily taxed Northern. tribes-refuse to cut taxes
only had Judah/Ben after split
18 wives /60 concubines
suffered invasion from E.
condemned- humbled to YHWH
Ruth
time of Judges
contrast judges-faithfulness survived
play- four acts/four chapters
1-tragedy in Moab, return to Judah, arrive in Bethlehem
2- Ruth in fields, Ruth meets Boaz, Ruth return to Naomi
3- Naomi plan, Ruth imparts
4- Ruth married to Boaz, Boaz r
Samaria
capital of the northern kingdom.
city of Samaria fell to the Assyrians->many of the people were deported and foreigners were resettled in the region.
This hill was chosen by Omri as the site of the capital of the kingdom of Israel.
Samaria retained its di
Sargon II
one of Assyria's great kings
He extended and consolidated the conquests of his presumed father, Tiglath-pileser III.
Shalmaneser V
king of Assyria (reigned 726-721 bc) who subjugated ancient Israel and undertook a punitive campaign to quell the rebellion of Israel's king Hoshea
Put Hoshea in prison
Shimei
Curses david-> for the Lord has told him to-telling David he is a murderer
son of Gera
Solomon
Son of David- 4th oldest
Mother Bathsheba intervenes to make him king
Known for Wisdom and wealth
builds the temple
many provinces
peace for � cent.
700 wives/300 concubines
intermarriage-turns from God
Tamar
Daughter of King David
raped by half-brother Amnon
Brother Absalom kills Amnon for this
Thanksgiving psalms
Thanks for Yahweh's deliverance, often in complement to an individual lament, fewer thanksgiving than lament
Structure:
Intro: psalmist states his desire to offer thanksgiving to Yahweh
A narrative recounts the distress & deliverance Yahweh gave
Trouble
C
Uriah the Hittite
soldier in King David's army mentioned in the Second Book of Samuel. He was the husband of Bathsheba and was ordered murdered by King David.
Wisdom literature
Book of Job, Psalms, the Book of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, the Book of Wisdom, and Sirach.
Zedekiah
Last king of the South!
Annointed by Nebuchadnezzar. Not really accepted. Tried to play Egy. against Babylon. Caused destruction of Jerusalem
Revolted against his overseer->Neb. Led his armies W again & put Jerus. Under siege
Zedekiah & some of his leader
Zophor
Job's friend
Davidic Covenant
Blessing 242- Even though God would not let David build the temple, God did promise that the coming Messiah would come from his line.
Part 1: the promises to be fulfilled during his lifetime 1. Great name 2. A place for Isr. as the ppl. Of God, 3. Rest fo
Mosaic Covenant
primary function: warning
Blessings for obedience (Deut. 28:1-14)
� Blessings of prosperity, power, leadership
� 6 tribes were to shout this from Mt. Gerizim (well-forested peak)
o Curses for disobedience (Deut 28: 15-68)
� About 4x LONGER than verses on
rise of Saul and what led to his downfall and contrast that with the picture we have of David.
He tries to kill David w/ his spear
Sends David on military expeditions to kill him, but David only gains glory
Tries to turn his Jonathan & Michal against David, instead they rescued him
Continues to plot his own plans, but God intervenes to deliver Davi
key events in David's life (mostly listed in the textbook), his strengths and weaknesses. Understand why he was a "man after God's own heart," and the problems he had as king
Although he was anointed as Saul's successor, he waited approx. 18 yrs. B4 he was King of Judah, after king in Hebron-> wait 7.5 years b4 was king over ALL Isr.
He wins the love of people & his reputations grows
Jonathan acknowledges/predicts David's futu
Solomon's key strengths and weaknesses as king of Israel as discussed in class and the textbook.
strengths:
empire- Provinces of Damascus, Amon, Moab, Edom, vassal states, allies, internal admin
wealthy, architectural, artistic, commercial enterprise
peace for � cent.
"golden age" of I
weaknesses:
high taxes
mandate nat'l labor
700 wives/300 conc
int
Know information pertaining to the building and dedication of the temple
Summit of Mt. Moriah
7 years to build
destroyed- 586, rebuild 515, ren 20, destroyed 70 AD
Ded- moves ark to temple
God's glory descends
Solomon prays- gives blessing and offers sacrifices
God. renews Davidic Covenant. w/ Solomon.
main characteristics of Hebrew poetry
not as direct- more imagery and fig. language, have story structure, verse
appeals to emotion and intellect
1/3 -1/2 of OT in poetic form
help understanding/meaning- parallelism, terseness, imagery, sound play
parallelism- 3 types- synonymous A=B, antille
structure, genre and themes presented in class about the book of Psalms.
4 original types- hymns, common laments, ind. laments, thanksgiving
hymns(songs of praise), lament(ind. lament), royal, thanksgiving
structure- anthology of poems, individual psalms for larger units, 5 books, 3rd book deals with the temple dedication. by
key themes of the book of Proverbs as presented in class and the text
grounded in fear of the Lord
discerning order God has created
discerning ways in part. sit.
3 kinds of ppl-simple, wise, foolish