For Midterm - Parts Of Speech

noun

person, place, or thing

concrete noun

a noun which is physical thing

abstract noun

a noun which is an emotion/thought

compound noun

two nouns acting as one (ex:fireman)

proper noun

a noun which represents as particular person or place, a name (ex: Italy)

pronouns

Take the position and function of nouns but do not specifically name them - He, she, it, they, him, her, them

reflexive pronoun

a personal pronoun compounded with -self (myself, yourself, etc)

adjective

a word that describes a noun or pronoun

articles

a, and, and the. they are a subset of adjectives

demonstrative adjective

points out the noun it describes. (ex: this, these, that, those, etc)

indefinite pronoun

a pronoun that does nor tefer to a particular person place or thing (ex: all, any, few)

verb

expresses an action

transitive verb

transfers the action from the subject toward a direct object

intransitive verb

a verb that has no direct object

linking verb

a verb or verb phrase that shows a state of being or condition (ex: be, stay, grow, remain, etc)

helping verb

Helps the main verb express action or a state of being (ex:have, will, shall, could, should, etc)

adverbs

Modfies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and usually answers: How, When, Where, Why, To what extent?

conjunctive adverb

links two parts of a compound sentence (ex: consequently, however, besides, therefore)

conjunction

a word which joins words, phrases, or clauses/connects two ideas (ex:for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)

correlative conjunctions

conjunctions used in pairs or groups (both...and, either....or, neither...nor)

coordinating conjunctions

the normal fanboys

subordinating conjunctions

words that begin adverb clauses, some of which are: after, although, as, as if, because, before, even though, if, since, so that, than, that, though, unless, when, where, whether, and while

interjection

an abrupt emphatic exclamation expressing emotion

sentence

group of words expressing a complete thought, includes a subject and a predicate

indirect object

precedes direct object, to whom the object is done, NOT IN PREP PHRASE. ex: she offered me a job. me = io, but in she offered a job to me, there is no io

direct object

the thing which receives the action from the verb

subject

the part of a sentence about which the verb is done. Includes, but is not, the simple subject

predicate

the other part of a sentence other than the subject, it is the part which says something about the subject

simple subject

what we normally think of when we say "the subject", the main part of the full subject

simple predicate

the verb or verb phrase

compound subject

two subjects joined by a conjunction (usually and or or) that share a verb

compound verb

two verbs that share a simple subject (ex: someone did this and they started that) did and started make up the compound verb

it cannot be

adverbs as complements

subject complements

add/refer to the subject, includes predicate adjectives and predicate nominatives

predicate nominative

noun that refers back to the subject and follows a linking verb

predicate adjective

adjective that follows the linking verb and modifies the subject.

phrase

a group of words which function as a single part of speech

adjective phrase

a prepositional phrase which functions as an adjective

adverb phrase

a prepositional phrase which functions as an adverb

participle

a verb whose form is changed to make it into a noun, the new form can't stand on its own as a verb. Includes the past and present participle. Participles CAN have a direct object

past participle

a participle in the past (ends with -ed, -d, -en, etc.)

present participle

a participle in the present (ends with -ing)

participle phrase

a phrase containing a participle and any complements or modifiers it has

complement

a word in the predicate which completes the meaning of the subject and verb (ex: she won the race, race is the ___)

gerund

verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun (ex: walking is healthy)

gerund phrase

a phrase containing a gerund and any complements or modifiers it has

infinitive

a verb form, usually prefaced by "to", that can be used as a noun or a modifier

infinitive phrase

a phrase containing an infinitive and any complements or modifiers it has

subject complement

a complement which refers to the subject

clause

an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence

infinitive clause

a clause containing an infinitive

appositive

A noun or a pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.

independent clause

a clause that can stand alone as a sentence

dependent/subordinate clause

a clause that can't stand alone as a sentence, the whole clause functions a singular part of speech

adjective clause

subordinate clause which functions as an adjective

relative pronouns

a pronoun which begins an adjective clause and refers to another pronoun already mentioned

noun clause

subordinate clause used as a noun

adverb clause

a subordinate clause used as an adverb (ex: She practices as though her life depended on it, as though her life depended on it functions as ____, telling how)