Ballottement
diagnostic technique using palpation; a floating fetus, when tapped or pushed, moves away and then returns to touch the examiner's hand.
braxton hicks sign
mild, intermittent, painless uterine contractions that occur during pregnancy; occurring more frequently as pregnancy advances but not representing true labor; however, they should be distinguished from preterm labor.
chadwick sign
violet color of vaginal mucous membrane that is visible from approximately the fourth week of pregnancy caused by increased vascularity.
chloasma
increased pigmentation over the bridge of the nose and cheeks of pregnant women and some women taking oral contraceptive also known as mask of pregnancy.
colostrum
fluid in the acini cells of the breast present from early into the early postpartal period; rich in antibodies, which provides protection to the breastfed newborn from many diseases; high in protein, which binds bili, and laxative acting which speeds the
diastasis recti abdominis
Separation of the two rectus muscle along the median line of the abdominal wall; often seen in women with repeated childbirth or with multiple gestation (e.g. triplets)
epulis
tumor like benign lesion of the gingiva seen in pregnant women.
funic souffle
soft, muffled, blowing sound produced by blood rushing through the umbilical vessels and synchronous with the fetal heart sound
Goodell sign
softening of the cervix, a probable sign of pregnancy, occurring during the second month.
Hegar sign
softening of the lower uterine segment that is classified as a probable sign of pregnancy, may be present during the second and third months of pregnancy, and is palpable during bi-manual examination.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
hormone that is produced by chorionic villi; the biologic marker in pregnancy tests.
Leukorrhea
white or yellowish mucus discharge from the cervical canal or the vagina that may be normal physiologically or caused by pathological state of vagina and endocervix
lightening
sensation of decreased abdominal distension produced by uterine descent into the pelvic cavity as the fetal presenting parts settles into the pelvis; usually occur 2 weeks before the onset of labor in nulliparas.
linea nigra
line of darker pigmentation seen in some women during the later part of pregnancy that appears on the middle of the abdomen and extends from the symphysis pubis toward the umbilicus
montgomery tubercles
small, nodular, prominences (sebaceous gland) on the areolas around the nipples of the breasts that enlarge during pregnancy and lactation.
operculum
plug of mucus that fills the cervical canal during birth.
palmer erythema
rash on the surface of the palms some times seen in pregnancy
ptyalism
excessive salivation
pyrosis
burning sensation in the epigastric and sternal region from stomach acid (heartburn)
quickening
maternal perception of fetal movement; usually occurs between week 16 and 20 of gestation
striae gravidarum
stretch marks; shining reddish lines caused by stretching of the skin, often found in the abdomen, thighs, and breast.
uterine souffle
soft, blowing sound made by the blood in the arteries of the pregnant uterus and synchronized with the maternal pulse.
D (Detection of a fetal heartbeat, palpation of fetal movements and parts by an examiner, and detection of embryo/fetus with sonographic examination would be positive signs diagnostic of pregnancy.)
If exhibited by a pregnant woman, which of the following represents a positive sign of pregnancy?
A. Morning sickness
B. Quickening
C. Positive pregnancy test
D. Fetal heartbeat auscultated with Doppler/fetoscope
A- (Gravida (the first number) is 4 because this woman is now pregnant and was pregnant three times before. Para (the next four numbers) represents the outcomes of the pregnancies and would be described as:
T: 1 = Term birth at 41 weeks of gestation (son)
A pregnant woman is the mother of two children. Her first pregnancy ended in a stillbirth at 32 weeks of gestation, her second pregnancy with the birth of her daughter at 36 weeks, and her third pregnancy with the birth of her son at 41 weeks. Using the 5
C- (33% Hct; 11 g/dl Hgb represents the lowest acceptable value during the first and the third trimesters)
Which hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hgb) results represent(s) the lowest acceptable values for a woman in the third trimester of pregnancy?
A. 38% Hct; 14 g/dl Hgb
B. 35% Hct; 13 g/dl Hgb
C. 33% Hct; 11 g/dl Hgb
D. 32% Hct; 10.5 g/dl Hgb
A- (At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment occur; this is called Hegar's sign.0
During a woman's physical examination, the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:
A. Hegar's sign.
B. McDonald's sign.
C. Chadwick's sign.
D. Goodell's sign.
D- (Striae gravidarum, or stretch marks, reflect separation within the underlying connective tissue of the skin. After birth they usually fade, although they never disappear completely)
A number of changes in the integumentary system occur during pregnancy. What change persists after birth?
A. Epulis
B. Chloasma
C. Telangiectasia
D. Striae gravidarum
A- (A primipara is a woman who has completed one pregnancy with a viable fetus. To remember the meaning of terms, keep in mind that gravida is a pregnant woman; para comes from the word parity, meaning a viable fetus; primi means first; multi means many;
A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus (or fetuses) reaching the stage of fetal viability is called a:
A. Primipara.
B. Primigravida.
C. Multipara.
D. Nulligravida.
C (Lactation is inhibited until after birth)
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their breasts, nurses should be aware that:
A. The visibility of blood vessels that form an intertwining blue network indicates full function of Montgomery's tubercles and possibly infection of th
A (Soon after the fourth month of gestation, uterine contractions can be felt through the abdominal wall. Braxton Hicks contractions are regular and painless and continue throughout the pregnancy. Although they are not painful, some women complain that th
A first-time mother at 18 weeks of gestation is in for her regularly scheduled prenatal visit. The woman tells the nurse that she is afraid that she is going into premature labor because she is beginning to have regular contractions. The nurse explains th
LIGHTENING
____________________ occurs when the fetus begins to descend and drop into the pelvis.
Gravidity
term for pregnancy
Parity
number of pregnancies in which fetus has reached viability
Gravida
woman who is pregnant
Nulligravida
woman who has never been pregnant
Nullipara
woman who has not completed one pregnancy with a fetus who have reached the stage of viability
Primigravida
woman who is pregnant for the first time
primipara
woman who has completed one pregnancy with fetus who has reached viability
multigravida
woman who has had 2 or more pregnancies
multipara
woman who has completed 2 or more pregnancies to the stage of fetal viability
viability
capacity to live outside the uterus, at 20 weeks
preterm
referring to a pregnancy that has reached the viability (20 weeks) but before the completion of 37th weeks of gestation
term
referring to pregnancy from the beginning of 38th week to the end of 42 weeks of gestation
post term, post due
term used to describe pregnancy that goes beyond 42 weeks of gestation
hCG
substance whose presence in urine or serum results in a positive pregnancy test.
True
true or false: pregnancy tests are based on the presence of hCG in a pregnant woman's urine or serum
true
true or false: most home pregnancy tests are based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology
false
true or false: drugs such as diuretics can contribute to a false positive pregnancy results.
True
true or false; fetal movement palpated by an examiner is an example of a positive sign of pregnancy.
False ; at 22 weeks of gestation it should be at umbilicus
true or false; the uterine fundus should be above the level of the symphysis pubis by the eight week of gestation
If false then where the fundus should be and when?
between 38 and 40 weeks due to lightening
when does fundal heigh drops and why?
between 12 and 14 weeks of pregnancy; above the symphysis pubis
when can uterus be palpated first during pregnancy? and where?
by measuring fundal height
how can one determine uterine enlargement. it is also a common method to estimate the duration of pregnancy
true
true or false; evaluating abnormal pap test during pregnancy can be complicated
false
true or false; during pregnancy the PH of vaginal secretion decrease
false; it is due to high levels of progesterone and estrogen
true or false: lactation does not occur during pregnancy as a result of the inhibiting effects of high prolectin levels?
if false what if the correct response?
false ; acceptable hgb is 11g/dl
physiologic anemia is diagnosed in pregnant woman when the Hgb values fall below 10g/dl or less or if Hct falls to 35% or more
hCG in urine
A pregnant woman at 10 weeks of gestation exhibit the following signs of pregnancy during a routine prenatal checkup which one is characterized as propable sign of pregnancy?
A- hCG in urine
B- breast tenderness
C- morning sickness
D- fetal heart sounds
D- 5-1-2-1-4
A pregnant woman with 4 children reports the following obstretic history: a still birth at 32 weeks, triplets born by C/S at 30 weeks of gestation, a miscarriage at 8 weeks of gestation, and a daughter born vaginally at 39 weeks of gestation. which one ac
C
An expected change in vital sign as result of pregnancy would be:
A- increase in systolic BP by 30 mm hg or more after assuming supine position
B- increase in diastolic BP by 5-10 mm hg beginning in the first trimester.
C- increase awareness of the need t
D
A woman exhibits understanding of instructions for performing home pregnancy test if she:
A- uses urine collected at the end of the day, just before going to bed
B- avoid using tylenol or aspirin for headache for about 1 week before performing the test.
C
B
during an examination of a pregnant woman, the nurse notes that her cervix is soft on its tip. the nurse would document this finding as :
A- friability
B- Goodwell's sign
C- Chadwick sign
D- Hegar's sign
F
true or false: increase triglyceride level as a result of higher estrogen level might account for the development of gallstones during pregnancy.
True
True or false: carpal tunnel syndrome occurs during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy as a result of edema that compresses the median nerve beneath the carpal ligament in the wrist.
true
true or false; A proteinuria value of 1 us acceptable during pregnancy
true
pregnancy is a state of respiratory alkalosis compensated by mild metabolic acidosis.
false
true or false; supine position with head elevated is the best maternal position to increase renal perfusion.
true
A woman is at greater risk for the development of thrombosis during pregnancy because of the increase in certain clotting factor and decrease in fibrinolytic activity.