ch 10

breasts

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breasts: nipple

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breasts: areola

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breasts: tubercles of montgomery

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external genitalia (vulva)

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external genitalia (vulva): mons pubis

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external genitalia (vulva): labia majora

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external genitalia (vulva): clitoris

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external genitalia (vulva): urethral meatus

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external genitalia (vulva): vaginal vestibule

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external genitalia (vulva): perineal body

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pelvic floor

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pelvic floor: pelvic diaphragm

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repro organs

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repro organs: vagina: function

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repro organs: vagina: vaginal vault

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repro organs: vagina: rugae

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repro organs: vagina: pH

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repro organs: uterus

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repro organs: uterus: corpus

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repro organs: uterus: corpus: layers

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repro organs: uterus: corpus: layers: muscular

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repro organs: uterus: corpus: layers: mucosal

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repro organs: uterus: corpus: layers: serosal

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repro organs: uterus: cervix

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repro organs: uterus: cervix: function

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repro organs: uterus: cervix: internal os

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repro organs: uterus: cervix: external os

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repro organs: uterus: weight

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repro organs: uterus: length

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repro organs: uterus: uterine ligaments

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repro organs: uterus: uterine ligaments: names

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repro organs: fallopian tubes

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repro organs: fallopian tubes: sections

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repro organs: fallopian tubes: sections: ampulla

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repro organs: fallopian tubes: sections: isthmus

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repro organs: fallopian tubes: sections: fimbria

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repro organs: fallopian tubes: functions

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repro organs: ovaries: size

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repro organs: ovaries: # oocytes @ birth per ovary

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repro organs: ovaries: # oocytes that reach maturity and are ovulated

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repro organs: ovaries: hormones

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repro organs: ovaries: hormones: estrogen

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repro organs: ovaries: hormones: progesterone

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female repro cycle: involved systems

-central nervous system
-endocrine system

female repro cycle: involved systems: CNS

signals endocrine system

female repro cycle: involved systems: endocrine: organs

-hypothalmus (the "controller")
-anterior pituitary
-ovaries

female repro cycle: involved systems: endocrine

its "controller" hormones after receives signal from CNS

female repro cycle: lasts

~ 28 days

female repro cycle: hypothalmus: hormone

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

female repro cycle: anterior pituitary: hormones

aka "gonadotropic hormones"
-follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
-luteinizing hormone (LSH)

female repro cycle: anterior pituitary: hormones: FSH

primarily responsible for maturation of ovarian follicle

female repro cycle: anterior pituitary: hormones: LH

-necessary for final maturation of follicle
-level peak proceeds ovulation by as much as 12 hrs

female repro cycle: anterior pituitary: hormones: LH: level peak @

-up to 12 hrs b4 ovulation
-aka "LH surge

female repro cycle: ovaries: hormones

-estrogen
-progesterone

uterine cycle

menstrual cycle

uterine cycle: occurs @

failure of ovum fertilization

uterine cycle: discharge comprised of

-blood
-cervical & vaginal secretions
-bacteria
-mucus
-leukocytes, and other cellular debris

uterine cycle: frequency

-every 28 days
-varies from 21-35 days
-long or irregular cycles make dating pregnancies difficult

uterine cycle: duration

2-8 days

uterine cycle: avg blood loss

25-60 mL

uterine cycle: avg iron loss

0.5-1 mg/day

uterine cycle: phases

1. menstrual
2. proliferative
3. secretory
4. ischemic

uterine cycle: phases: menstrual

menstruation occurs

uterine cycle: phases: menstrual: days

days 1 to 6

uterine cycle: phases: menstrual: endometrium

-resting state
-thin @ 1-2 mm thick

uterine cycle: phases: menstrual: estrogen

lowest, base level

uterine cycle: phases: menstrual: cervical mucus

-scanty
-viscous
-opaque

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative

uterus is getting ready for egg release/implant

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: days

days 7 to 14

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: endometrial glands

enlarge

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: blood vessels

dilate

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: estrogen

rises (dominant hormone)

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: cervical mucus

favorable to sperm
-thin
-clear
-watery
-alkaline

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: endometrium

thickens 6-8 fold

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: basal temp drop @

ovulation

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: basal temp rise @

progesterone (secretory)

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: spinnbarkheit

thin stretchy cervical mucus (to transport sperm)

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: pattern

ferning

uterine cycle: phases: proliferative: ~ day 14

ovulation

uterine cycle: phases: secretory

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uterine cycle: phases: secretory: progesterone

dominant hormone

uterine cycle: phases: secretory: days

days 15 to 26

uterine cycle: phases: secretory: follows

ovulation

uterine cycle: phases: secretory: estrogen

levels fall

uterine cycle: phases: secretory: endometrial cells

grow

uterine cycle: phases: secretory: cellular debris

accumulates

uterine cycle: phases: secretory: uterine vascularity

increases

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic

only happens if you don't get pregnant

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: occurs @

failure of ovum fertilization

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: days

days 27 to 28

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: corpus luteum

degenerates

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: estrogen

levels drop

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: progesterone

levels drop

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: small blood vessels

rupture

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: spiral arteries

contract

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: endometrium

becomes pale b/c blood deficient

uterine cycle: phases: ischemic: outcome

menstruation

ovarian cycle

maturing oocyte to be a released ovum

ovarian cycle: phases

-follicular
-luteal

ovarian cycle: phases: follicular

maturing follicles by means of FSH

ovarian cycle: phases: follicular: days

days 1 to 14

ovarian cycle: phases: follicular: ~ day 14

ovulation

ovarian cycle: phases: follicular: maturation

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ovarian cycle: phases: follicular: mittelshcmerz

pain @ ovulation

ovarian cycle: phases: follicular: 24-48 hrs s/p ovulation

temp rise r/t progesteron

ovarian cycle: phases: luteal

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ovarian cycle: phases: luteal: days

days 15 to 28

ovarian cycle: phases: luteal: begins @

exit of ovum from follicle

ovarian cycle: phases: luteal: fertilized ovum

-implants in endometrium
-secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
-corpus luteum causes progesterone rise

ovarian cycle: phases: luteal: unfertilized ovum

-degenerates
-stops producing estrogen and progesterone