OB Ch. 63

cloacal exstrophy

complex malformation involving lower limb anomalies, spinal defect, anal atresia, and lower abdominal wall defect (exstrophy of the bladder and protrusion of the intestines)

epispadias

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the top side of the penis

horseshoe kidney

forms when the inferior poles of the kidney fuse while they are in the pelvis

hydroureters

dilated ureters

hypospadias

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

pelvic kidney

occurs when the kidney does not migrate upward into the retroperitoneal space

posterior urethral valve

anatomic structure that occurs only in male fetuses

Potter's syndrome

characterized by a group of findings associated with oligohydramnios and renal failure or bilateral renal agenesis

renal agenesis

renal system fails to develop

urachal cyst

small part of the lumen of the allantois that persists while the urachus forms

ureterocele

congenital outpouching of the distal ureter into the bladder

cryptorchidism

failure of the testes to descend into the scrotum

fetal hydronephrosis

dilated renal pelvis in the fetus

fetal ovarian cyst

ovarian mass that results from maternal hormone stimulation

hermaphroditism

condition in which both ovarian and testicular tissues are present

hydrometrocolpos

collection of fluid in the vagina and uterus

infantile polycystic kidney disease

autosomal recessive disease that affects the fetal kidneys and liver

megacystis

level of the urethra where the urinary tract may become obstructed

megaureter

dilatation of the lower end of the ureter

multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

multiple cysts replace normal renal tissue throughout the kidney

Potter's sequence

term used to describe renal diseases other than renal agenesis that result in renal failure and facial or structure abnormalities caused by oligohydramnios

prune belly syndrome

dilatation of the fetal abdomen secondary to severe hydronephrosis and fetal ascites

pyelectasis

dilated renal pelvis without involvement of the calyces

ureteropelvic junction

junction of the ureter entering the renal pelvis; most common site of obstruction

ureterovesical junction

junction where the ureter enters the bladder

urethral atresia

condition that causes a massively distended bladder