DM chapter 4

particulate matter

extremely small particles

person protective equipment (PPE)

gloves, masks, gowns, eyewear etc

bio aerosol

a cloudlike mist containing droplets, tooth dust, dental material dust, and bacteria

splatter

small particles containing blood, saliva, oral particulate matter, water and microbes

hazardous chemicals

chemical that can cause burns to the skin, eyes, lung etc, it is poisonous or can cause fire

toxicity

strength of a product or of a chemical to cause damage to the body

flash point

the lowest temperature at which the vapour of a volatile substance will ignite with a flash

ignitable

a material or chemical that can erupt into fire easily

corrosive

an acid or strong base that van cause damage to skin, clothing, metals and equipment

reactive

the reaction of opposing chemical substances that creates a different end product

safety data sheet (SDS)

printed product reports from the manufacturer containing important information about the chemical, hazards, handling, cleanup, and special PPE related to a product

pneumoconiosis

a fibrotic lung disease that can be caused by chronic exposure to particular matter

what was it called when coal miners got pneumoconiosis from inhaling coal dust?

black lung disease

what are some material hazards in the dental office?

exposure to particulate matter, mercury, toxic chemical effects, airborne contaminants, and biological contaminants

OSHA - requirements for the protection against occupational transmission of infectious diseases

occupational safety and health administration

CCOH - requirements for the protection against occupational transmission of infectious diseases

Canadian centre for occupational health

OSAP - requirements for the protection against occupational transmission of infectious diseases

centers for disease control and prevention

2 ways particles can exit clients mouth during dental procedures?

splatter and aerosols

splatter

particles greater than 50 microns and land as far as 3 feet from treatment area

aerosols

particles less than 50 microns, remain airborne from minutes to house and a source of respiratory infection is inhaled

what is a hazardous chemical?

any chemical that has been shown to cause a physical health hazard, can catch fire, react or explode when mixed or that is corrosive or toxic

who's responsibility is it to assess the hazards of their products and pass this information on to the consumers through a safety data sheet?

chemical manufacturers

gas under pressure

acute toxicity

flammables

explosives

carcinogen

skin and eye irritant

skin corrosive/burns

oxidizers

what happens after repeated contact with some chemicals?

dermatitis (skin disease)

what are allergies you should be aware of?

acrylates, formaldehyde, latex, and rubber additives

what foods are high degree of association with latex allergies?

banana, avocado, chestnut, kiwi

what foods are moderate degree of association with latex allergies?

apple, carrot, celery, papaya, tomato, melons

what foods are low degree of association with latex allergies?

pear, mango, sweet pepper, peach, rye, cayenne pepper, plum, cherry ect.

what is used when bonding all creams crowns that is extremely dangerous and can cause eye damage ?

hydrofluoric acid

what is recommended if u come in contact with hydrofluoric acid?

flush eyes for at least 15 seconds and get immediate medical attention

some chemicals can cause damage directly to the lungs in the form of ________?

pnemoconiosis

what does exposure to dust containing metal or silica lead to?

pnemoconiosis

what is a well known hazard in construction?

asbestos

what are recommended steps to reduce incidence of bisphenol A (BPA)?

properly cure resin, wipe off uncured smear layer after curing, use good isolation techniques, use high volume suction

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what precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to mercury?

dispensing of material, placement of material, condensing and carving of material, handling and storage of amalgam scrap and removal of existing amalgam restorations

according to the ADA council on scientific affairs, scientific evidence supports the position that amalgam is?

valuable, viable and a safe choose for dental patients

mercury from dental amalgam can end up in?

soil, atmosphere and groundwater through several routes

what are ways amalgam can end up in soil, atmosphere or groundwater?

when wastewater discharges from dental practices, throwing out amalgam scrap in the office waste, or through burial or cremation

what are precautions when working with mercury?

well ventilated, avoid direct contact, avoid inhaling vapour, store in unbreakable, tight sealed container away from heat, use preloaded capsules when preparing, always close cover of amalgamator, disinfect scrap amalgam in bleach, clean spills, place con

acute chemical toxicity

high levels of exposure over a short period of time, caused from large chemical spill, when exposure is sudden and effects are immediate

what are symptoms of acute chemical toxicity

dizziness, fainting(syncope), headache, nausea, vomiting

chronic chemical toxicity

repeated exposures usually to lower doses spread over a much longer time such as months or years

what are effects of chronic chemical toxicity

cancer, neurologic deficits, infertility

acute chemical toxicity to benzene?

single exposure to a high concentration, causing dizziness, headache and unconsciousness

chronic chemical toxicity to benzene?

long term daily exposures to low levels, causing leukaemia

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what should a mercury spill kit include?

mercury absorbing powder, mercury sponges, and disposal bag

many solvents used with dental materials have a very low _______ and can easily ignite with used near open flames (e.g. liquid monomer for acrylics)

flash point

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where should dental medications be kept?

dry, cool, dark place where they are not exposed to direct sunlight

why are empty chemical containers bad?

can be hazardous, often hold residues that can burn or explode, never fill with another substance

when is a waste considered hazardous ?

corrosive, reactive, toxic

according to what instructions do u dispose of all hazardous chemicals?

SDS

what should the dental lathe be protected by?

function shield to prevent spatter, aerosols, and flying debris

what do successful infection control protocols include?

standard precautions, PPE, and good communication

what are ways the lab and dental office must communicate?

disinfection status of incoming and outgoing cases, appropriate shipping and receiving containers, designated receiving and shipping areas and protocols, and designated production areas

what needs to be done to chemicals as of december 2015?

must be labeled according to the globally harmonized system (GHS) of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS)

what are 5 parts of chemical hazard communication program?

written program, chemical inventory, SDS, labelling containers, employee training

what does the written hazard program include?

all employees names, handling of chemicals in workplace, description of all safety measures, explanation of how one should respond to chemical emergencies

chemical inventory

list of every product used in the office that contains chemicals

a hazard program coordinator should be appointed in every office which is ?

responsible for maintaining chemical inventory and updating the SDS file

what do safety data sheets (SDS) include?

health and safety information, technical information, physical and chemical properties of a chemical, health hazards, routes of exposure, precautions for safe handling and use, emergency first aid procedures, spill control measures

hazardous materials classification

COR- special hazard, 2-reactivity, 3-fire hazard, 4- health hazard

who is responsible for the management of a safe environment in dental office?

employer and employees

who is responsible for the safe use of any chemical or material ?

the users

who is responsible for the safety of the client?

provider and dental team

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