particulate matter
extremely small particles
person protective equipment (PPE)
gloves, masks, gowns, eyewear etc
bio aerosol
a cloudlike mist containing droplets, tooth dust, dental material dust, and bacteria
splatter
small particles containing blood, saliva, oral particulate matter, water and microbes
hazardous chemicals
chemical that can cause burns to the skin, eyes, lung etc, it is poisonous or can cause fire
toxicity
strength of a product or of a chemical to cause damage to the body
flash point
the lowest temperature at which the vapour of a volatile substance will ignite with a flash
ignitable
a material or chemical that can erupt into fire easily
corrosive
an acid or strong base that van cause damage to skin, clothing, metals and equipment
reactive
the reaction of opposing chemical substances that creates a different end product
safety data sheet (SDS)
printed product reports from the manufacturer containing important information about the chemical, hazards, handling, cleanup, and special PPE related to a product
pneumoconiosis
a fibrotic lung disease that can be caused by chronic exposure to particular matter
what was it called when coal miners got pneumoconiosis from inhaling coal dust?
black lung disease
what are some material hazards in the dental office?
exposure to particulate matter, mercury, toxic chemical effects, airborne contaminants, and biological contaminants
OSHA - requirements for the protection against occupational transmission of infectious diseases
occupational safety and health administration
CCOH - requirements for the protection against occupational transmission of infectious diseases
Canadian centre for occupational health
OSAP - requirements for the protection against occupational transmission of infectious diseases
centers for disease control and prevention
2 ways particles can exit clients mouth during dental procedures?
splatter and aerosols
splatter
particles greater than 50 microns and land as far as 3 feet from treatment area
aerosols
particles less than 50 microns, remain airborne from minutes to house and a source of respiratory infection is inhaled
what is a hazardous chemical?
any chemical that has been shown to cause a physical health hazard, can catch fire, react or explode when mixed or that is corrosive or toxic
who's responsibility is it to assess the hazards of their products and pass this information on to the consumers through a safety data sheet?
chemical manufacturers
gas under pressure
acute toxicity
flammables
explosives
carcinogen
skin and eye irritant
skin corrosive/burns
oxidizers
what happens after repeated contact with some chemicals?
dermatitis (skin disease)
what are allergies you should be aware of?
acrylates, formaldehyde, latex, and rubber additives
what foods are high degree of association with latex allergies?
banana, avocado, chestnut, kiwi
what foods are moderate degree of association with latex allergies?
apple, carrot, celery, papaya, tomato, melons
what foods are low degree of association with latex allergies?
pear, mango, sweet pepper, peach, rye, cayenne pepper, plum, cherry ect.
what is used when bonding all creams crowns that is extremely dangerous and can cause eye damage ?
hydrofluoric acid
what is recommended if u come in contact with hydrofluoric acid?
flush eyes for at least 15 seconds and get immediate medical attention
some chemicals can cause damage directly to the lungs in the form of ________?
pnemoconiosis
what does exposure to dust containing metal or silica lead to?
pnemoconiosis
what is a well known hazard in construction?
asbestos
what are recommended steps to reduce incidence of bisphenol A (BPA)?
properly cure resin, wipe off uncured smear layer after curing, use good isolation techniques, use high volume suction
t/f slide 27
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what precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to mercury?
dispensing of material, placement of material, condensing and carving of material, handling and storage of amalgam scrap and removal of existing amalgam restorations
according to the ADA council on scientific affairs, scientific evidence supports the position that amalgam is?
valuable, viable and a safe choose for dental patients
mercury from dental amalgam can end up in?
soil, atmosphere and groundwater through several routes
what are ways amalgam can end up in soil, atmosphere or groundwater?
when wastewater discharges from dental practices, throwing out amalgam scrap in the office waste, or through burial or cremation
what are precautions when working with mercury?
well ventilated, avoid direct contact, avoid inhaling vapour, store in unbreakable, tight sealed container away from heat, use preloaded capsules when preparing, always close cover of amalgamator, disinfect scrap amalgam in bleach, clean spills, place con
acute chemical toxicity
high levels of exposure over a short period of time, caused from large chemical spill, when exposure is sudden and effects are immediate
what are symptoms of acute chemical toxicity
dizziness, fainting(syncope), headache, nausea, vomiting
chronic chemical toxicity
repeated exposures usually to lower doses spread over a much longer time such as months or years
what are effects of chronic chemical toxicity
cancer, neurologic deficits, infertility
acute chemical toxicity to benzene?
single exposure to a high concentration, causing dizziness, headache and unconsciousness
chronic chemical toxicity to benzene?
long term daily exposures to low levels, causing leukaemia
t/f slide 36
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what should a mercury spill kit include?
mercury absorbing powder, mercury sponges, and disposal bag
many solvents used with dental materials have a very low _______ and can easily ignite with used near open flames (e.g. liquid monomer for acrylics)
flash point
t/f slide 40
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where should dental medications be kept?
dry, cool, dark place where they are not exposed to direct sunlight
why are empty chemical containers bad?
can be hazardous, often hold residues that can burn or explode, never fill with another substance
when is a waste considered hazardous ?
corrosive, reactive, toxic
according to what instructions do u dispose of all hazardous chemicals?
SDS
what should the dental lathe be protected by?
function shield to prevent spatter, aerosols, and flying debris
what do successful infection control protocols include?
standard precautions, PPE, and good communication
what are ways the lab and dental office must communicate?
disinfection status of incoming and outgoing cases, appropriate shipping and receiving containers, designated receiving and shipping areas and protocols, and designated production areas
what needs to be done to chemicals as of december 2015?
must be labeled according to the globally harmonized system (GHS) of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS)
what are 5 parts of chemical hazard communication program?
written program, chemical inventory, SDS, labelling containers, employee training
what does the written hazard program include?
all employees names, handling of chemicals in workplace, description of all safety measures, explanation of how one should respond to chemical emergencies
chemical inventory
list of every product used in the office that contains chemicals
a hazard program coordinator should be appointed in every office which is ?
responsible for maintaining chemical inventory and updating the SDS file
what do safety data sheets (SDS) include?
health and safety information, technical information, physical and chemical properties of a chemical, health hazards, routes of exposure, precautions for safe handling and use, emergency first aid procedures, spill control measures
hazardous materials classification
COR- special hazard, 2-reactivity, 3-fire hazard, 4- health hazard
who is responsible for the management of a safe environment in dental office?
employer and employees
who is responsible for the safe use of any chemical or material ?
the users
who is responsible for the safety of the client?
provider and dental team
slide 58
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