Apnea
absence of breathing
Eupnea
normal breathing
Dyspnea
difficult or labored breathing
Bradypnea
abnormally slow respiratory rate
Tachypnea
abnormally rapid respiratory rates
Hyperventilation
abnormally rapid deep breathing resulting in decreased levels of carbon dioxide
Hypoxia
inadequate tissue oxygen levels
Hypercapnia
high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypocapnia
low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
Respiratory acidosis
low pH level of blood
Respiratory alkalosis
high pH level of blood
Auscultation
listening to the lungs and heart with a stethoscope
Crepitation or crackles or rales
fine or coarse crackling noises on auscultation of lungs
Percussion
diagnostic test to determine if fluid is present in a body cavity
Stridor
snoring, squeaking or whistling that suggest airway narrowing
Bronchoalveolar lavage
collection of fluid or mucus from the lower respiratory tract via an endoscope for cytology or culture and sensitivity
Bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchus
Bronchoscope
instrument used to visualize the bronchus
Laryngoscopy
visual examination of the voice box
Laryngoscope
instrument used to visualize the larynx
Thoracocentesis
puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
Transtracheal wash
sterile collection of fluid or mucus from the lower respiratory tract via a catheter inserted through the skin into the trachea
Trephination
insertion of a hole-boring instrument into a sinus
Aspiration
inhalation of a foreign substance into the upper respiratory tract
Asthma
chronic allergic disorder
Atelectasis
lung collapse
Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
Bronchopneumonia
abnormal condition of the bronchi and lung
Cyanosis
blue discoloration due to inadequate oxygen levels
Epistaxis
nosebleed
Laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
Laryngospasm
spasm or closure of the larynx
Pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
Pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Pleuritis or pleurisy
inflammation of the pleural membrane
Pneumonia
abnormal condition of the lung that usually involves inflammation and congestion
Pneumothorax
accumulation of air in the chest cavity
pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue
Pyothorax
pus in the thoracic cavity
Rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes
Sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
Stenotic nares
narrowed nostrils that reduce air flow
Tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
laryngectomy
surgical removal of the voice box
Thoracotomy
surgical incision into the chest wall
Tracheostomy
surgical incision into the windpipe usually to place a tube