Chapter 2 Computer Science

The Internet

the most developed network system currently in use; connects people all over the worldOriginally started in 1969 when US funded a research project (ARPANET—Advanced Research Project Agency Network) (key term)

The World Wide Web (WWW)

was introduced in 1991 at CERN (Center for European Nuclear Research) ) is a part of the Internet - not the Internet; introduced in 1992 by consortium in SwitzerlandOriginally started as research and text-based network to exchange research ideas from university to university Web 1.0 (key term) - linking existing information Web 2.0 (key term) - more dynamic content creation and social interaction (Facebook) Web 3.0 (key term) - computer-generated information requiring less human interaction

Most common Internet applications

Communicating, Shopping. Searching, Education or e-learning , and Entertainment

Communicating

most popular Internet activity. Exchange e-mail, photos, videos

Shopping

fastest-growing applications

Searching

using virtual libraries.

Education or e-learning

take classes remotely from almost any location and any subject

Entertainment

music, movies, magazines, computer games

Internet Service Provider (ISPs)

already connected to the Internet -- furnish a pathway for other usersMost commonly used ISPs use telephone lines, cable (key term) and / or wireless connections Typical providers include:Verizon, Comcast, Sprint, T-Mobile and AT&T The common way to access the Internet is through a provider or host computer

Browsers

allow you to explore the webNavigate, search for information and communicate using the web

URL ( uniform resource locator)

Use to connect to other resources. is the address and contains two parts.

Two parts to a URL

protocol, domain name, TLD or top- level domain

Protocol

rules for exchanging data between computers (usually http://);

Domain Name

specific address where the resource is located

TLD or Top- level Domain

also known as the web suffix identifies the type of organizationMany URLs have additional parts specifying directory paths and file names.

HTML

Browsers Interpret ; codes and formatting instructions and displays the page

Hyperlinks or links

allow users to quickly connect to other pages or web sitesGraphicsTextMultimedia elementsPages contain these to programs called applets

Cascading Style Sheets

files referenced that control the appearance of a web page giving them consistent look for presentation

Java Script

language used with HTML documents to trigger interactive features such as opening a new browser

AJAX (Asynchronous Java Script and XML)

JavaScript used to create interactive websites that respond quickly.

Applets

used to present animation, display graphics, provide interactive games

Mobile Browsers

designed to run on portable devices. Contain special navigational tools for convenience to pinch and stretch

Web Utilities

are specialized utility programs that make using the Internet and web easier and safer

Plug-ins

programs that start automatically and operate as part of your BrowserAdobe Reader from Adobe - pdf - viewing and printing a variety of standard forms and other documentsFlash Player from Adobe - viewing videos, animations and other mediaQuickTime from Apple - playing audio and video filesWindows Media Player - playing audio files, video files and much more

Filters

block access to selected sites Filters can also monitor use and generate reports detailing the total time spent on the Internet and specific sites. ex. CyberPatrolPearl EchoNorton Online FamilyNet NannySymantec Web Gateway

File Transfer Utilities

and Secure File Transfer Protocol (FTP & SFp)Also referred to as downloading - receiving a file from the Internet and uploading copying a file to the Internetcopy files from your computer to the internetused for uploading changes to a websiteWeb-based file transfer services (key term)uses web browser to upload and download filesDropbox.com is a widely used service

Internet Security Suites

collection of utility programs designed to maintain your security and privacy while you are on the WebSuites Are the most cost efficient way to go instead of buying each component separately.McAfee Internet SecuritySymantec Norton Internet Security

BitTorrent

distributes file transfers across many computers for more efficient downloadsgood for transferring large files

Communication

most popular Internet activity: e-mail, messaging, social networking, blogs, microblogs, webcasts, podcasts, and wikis

Address

who the e-mail is going and has two parts ; user name and domain name

User name

identifies unique user or computer in the domain

Domain name

references a specific organization

Subject

topic of the message

Attachments

documents and / or images you attach to the message

Message

letter

Signature

information about the sender

E-mail or electronic mail

Transmission of electronic messages over the InternetHas three basic elements: header (key term), message and signature

Client -based e-mail system

requires installation of an e-mail client (key term) on your computer. Examples are Microsoft Outlook and Apple Mail.

Web-based e-mail system

no email program on your computer, access from any computer through a Browser. Examples are Google Gmail, Microsoft Hotmail, Yahoo!Mail

Spam

unsolicited / unwelcome e-mail Distraction, Nuisance Computer viruses can also be attached to spam

Spam Blockers/ Spam Filters

use a variety of different approaches to identify and eliminate spam

CAN- SPAM Act

requires that every marketing related email provide an opt-out option

What can we do to (try) to control spam?

Keep a low profile, Don't ever respond to spam and be cautious when giving out your address, Use e-mail filter options,Use antispam and filter options

Text messaging also known as texting

is sending short electronic messages between mobile devices

Instant Messaging

Extension of email that allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communicationTo use instant message, specify list of friends and register with an serverSome services include video and file-sharing

Social Networking

One of the fastest growing uses of the InternetConnecting individuals to one another

Facebook

individuals, businesses, communities - launched in 2004 Facebook- instant messaging, photo, video sharing, games, etc.Facebook Profiles - personal information. Available to friends, familyFacebook Pages - created by businesses and public figuresFacebook Groups - created by individuals who share a common interest

Google+

includes circles for grouping individuals according to common interests - launched in 2011 Hangouts - to communicate with up to 10 people at one time Sparks - news feeds

LinkedIN

Business/professionally oriented social networking -- launched in 2003Consider carefully the information you are disclosing when joining social networking sites.

Web blogs or blogs

personal news pages that are date/time-stamped and arranged with the most recent items shown first include blogger and word press

Microblog

short status updates that answer the question:What are you doing now?example: Twitter

Webcasts

streaming technology (key term) using audio and video continuously downloaded to your computerYouTube is a popular exampleAfter webcast is complete, no files remain on your computer

Podcasts

available on iTunes and do not use streaming technologyaudio and video files that can be downloaded to your computer or media player

Wiki

website which is editable by users. Built on a community of interested people that build knowledge over time. a specially designed Web site that allows visitors to edit the contents, supports collaborative writing

Wikipedia

is an example of using a wiki as an online encyclopedia

Search services

operate web sites that help you locate information; they maintain the database that helps you get where you want

Spiders

Special programs called continually look for information and updated services

Search Engines

assist you to locate specific informationUse keyword or phrase search; know "rules" i.e. use + or quotes to look for phrases rather than individual w

Hit

return of sites that contain keyword or phrases

Specialized Search Engine

Programs that focus on subject specific Web sites

Content evaluation

be sure to check the authority, accuracy, objectivity and currency

Electronic Commerce or E-commerce

is buying and selling over the InternetThree basic types of electronic commerce: business to consumer; consumer to consumer; and business to businessB2C - Involves the sale of a product or service to the general public or end usersC2C - Involves individuals selling to individualsB2B - Involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another

business to consumer; consumer to consumer; and business to business

Three basic types of electronic commerce

B2C

Involves the sale of a product or service to the general public or end users is fastest growing type of e-commerce. Involves the sale of a product or service to the general public or end user.Three typesOnline bankingFinancial tradingShoppingAmazon.com is one of the most widely used B2C sites.

C2C

Involves individuals selling to individuals and is Web auctions similar to traditional auctions - no one sees each otherBuyers and sellers seldom meet face-to-faceAsk the students if they have ever used E-bayExample auction sites include eBay, QuiBids, eBay, eBid.

B2B

Involves the sale of a product or service from one business to anotherExample: A furniture manufacturer requires raw materials such as wood, paint, and varnish.

Electronic payment

easy, secure payment method

Credit Cards

easier to work with, somewhat vulnerable to theft

Digital Cash

Purchased from third party (usually a special bank); more secure than credit cardsProviders include Amazon, Google, Serve, and PayPal

Challenge

is the payment for goodsShould be reliable, secure, and fastConvenience

Cloud Computer

Basic components include:Clients: corporations and end-users who want access to data, programs, and storage anywhere and anytime a connection to the Internet is availableService providers: organizations that are willing to provide (sometimes for a fee) access to software and storageInternet connectivity

Two critical factors that determine the efficiency of cloud computing

The speed and reliability of the user's access to the InternetInternet's capability to provide safe and reliable transmission of data and programs