Transportation
Delivery of gases, nutrients, and hormones to cells; waste removal
Regulation
Temperature, pH, fluid balance
Protection
_______ from pathogens and blood loss after injuries
Arteries
Take blood AWAY from the heart
Veins
Take blood TO the heart
Capillaries
PERMEABLE microscopic vessels joining arteries and veins
Volume
5 liters (2 gallons) in adult
Essential for maintaining blood pressure
Viscosity (stickiness)
4-5 times more viscous than water
Temperature
1 degree higher than measured body temperature (warm as it travels-friction)
7.4 (7.35-7.45)
What is the blood pH?
Whole Blood
Blood drawn from the body from which no constitute has been removed
Centrifuged Blood
Blood separated by centrifuge into 3 components
Plasma 55%
Water, proteins, and other solutes
Buffy Coat <1%
Platelets and leukocytes
44%
Erythrocytes
Albumins
58% of total proteins
Small proteins that transport hormones, some fatty acids, and PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN MAINTAINING BLOOD COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE
Globulins
37% of total proteins
Large proteins transporting lipids and metal ions
Globulins
37% of total proteins
Large proteins transporting lipids and metal ions
Serum
Plasma clotting proteins
Regulatory proteins
Less than 1%
Enzymes and some hormones
Other solutes
2%
Blood contains dissolved organic and inorganic molecules and ions: include electrolytes, nutrients, gases, waste products
Immunoglobulins ( antibodies)
Defense proteins that attack pathogens
Serum
Plasma clotting proteins
Regulatory proteins
Less than 1%
Enzymes and some hormones
Other solutes
2%
Blood contains dissolved organic and inorganic molecules and ions: include electrolytes, nutrients, gases, waste products
Fibrinogen
4% of total proteins
Contributes to the blood clot formation
Diapedisis
(Leukocytes) squeezing through endothelial cells of capillaries to enter body tissues
Chemotaxis
Leukocytes are capable of following chemical signals released by other cells
Granulocytes
Large granules in leukocytes
Agranulocytes
Small granules in leukocytes
Thromboxabe A2
A type of eicosanoid
Will strengthen the vascular spasm and attract other platelets
von Willebrand Factor
Plasma protein
Platelets start sticking during platelet formation due to this
Clot retraction
Occurs as clot is forming.
Contractile proteins within platelets contract, helping to bring the sides of he vessels closer together to repair the damage
Fibrinolysis
Degradation of fibrin strands by enzyme plasmin begins within the 2 days after the clot formation
Intrinsic pathway
(3-6 min) initiated by platelets after the damage to the vessel wall
Extrinsic pathway
(15 sec) is initiated by damaged tissue outside of vessel
Prostacyclin
An eicosanoid that acts as a repellent towards platelets