photosynthesis
The process in which some organisms use water along with sunlight and carbon dioxide to make their own food.
tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
chloroplast
A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.
vacuole
A sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area.
cuticle
The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants.
vascular tissue
The internal transporting tissue in some plants that is made up of tubelike structures.
fertilization
The joining of a sperm and an egg.
zygote
A fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg.
nonvascular plant
A low-growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue.
"A plant that lacks vascular tissue and true roots, stems, and leaves
vascular plant
A plant that has true vascular tissue.
chlorophyll
A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.
sporophyte
The stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores.
gametophyte
The stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells.
rhizoid
A thin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients.
frond
The leaf of a fern plant.
phloem
The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants.
xylem
The vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants.
pollen
Tine particulars (male gametophytes) produced by see plants that contain the cells that later become sperm cells.
seed
The plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering.
embryo
A young organism that develops from a zygote.
cotyledon
A seed leaf.
germination
The sprouting of the embryo from a seed that occurs where the embryo resumes growth.
root cap
A structure that covers the tip of a root, protecting the root from injury.
cambium
A layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells.
transpiration
The process by which water is lost through a plant's leaves.
gymnosperm
A plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by a protective fruit.
cone
The reproductive structure of a gymnosperm.
ovule
A structure that contains an egg.
pollination
The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants.
angiosperm
A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure.
flower
The reproductive structure of an angiosperm.
sepal
A leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower.
petal
A colorful, leaflike structure of seen flowers.
stamen
A male reproductive part of a flower.
pistil
The female reproductive part of a flower.
ovary
A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop.
fruit
The ripened ovary and other structure of an angiosperm that encloses one or more seeds.
monocot
An angiosperm with one seed leaf.
dicot
An angiosperm that has two seed leafs.
tropism
The growth response of a plant toward ir away from a stimulus.
auxin
A plant hormone that makes its own food.
photoperiodism
A plant's response to season changes in length of night and day.
short-day plant
A plant that flowers when the nights are longer and the plant's critical night length.
long-day plant
A plant that flowers when the nights are shorter than the plant's critical night length.
day-neutral plant
A plant with a flowering cycle that is not sensitive to periods of light and dark.
dormancy
A period when an organisms growth or activity stops.
biennial
A flowering plant that completes its life cycle in two years.
perennial
A flowering plant that lives for more than two years
annual
A flowering plant that complete its life cyclone one growing season.