Immuno Lecture 1

The term "immunity" was first used in 1775 by _________, a Dutch physician, as "immunitas" to describe the effects induced by an early attempt at variolization.

Van Sweiten

Plagues & pandemics, esp. bubonic plague
Causes of disease unknown until 19th C.
Thought to be caused by ______ = virus

poisons

Smallpox is caused by the variola virus, an _______

orthopoxvirus,

Smallpox is the earliest disease found to induce life long immunity. _______is the form of vaccination.

Variolation

The __________, 165-180 C.E., also known as the Plague of Galen, was an ancient pandemic, either of smallpox or measles brought back to the Roman Empire by troops returning from campaigns in the near east.

Antonine Plague

Latin term equally descriptive of the disease, ____, meaning pimple.

varus

The English word smallpox was coined in the
sixteenth century, to distinguish between this
disease and ______, which then became generally
known as "the great pox,

syphillis

_____ was 'the first urban virus', and the disease itself is presumably contracted by inhaling the
virus.

small pox

_________ used cowpox-infected material obtained from the hand of Sarah Nemes, a milkmaid

Edward Jenner

Robert Koch & Louis Pasteur jointly proposed the
_______ of disease in the 1880s.

'germ theory'

Koch developed ________ a process
by which harmful microbes in perishable food products
are destroyed by heat, without destroying the food.

pasteurization,

Developed Anti-toxin and Hemalysis
Name the scientist.

Paul Ehrlich

Found that many of the
unpleasant symptoms of allergy
are caused by histamine which
produces inflammation.

Daniel Bovet

Micro-organisms can invade other organisms and
cause disease.

Germ Theory of Disease

This student of Koch, discovered anti-toxin for Diphtheria and Tetanus.

Emil Adolf von Behring

side chain theory of antibody formation: "surface receptors bound by lock &
key; Ag stimulated receptors"
Name the scientist

Paul Ehrlich

discovered that complement was
involved in lysis of red cells and
was fixed by antibody in immune
reactions.

Jules Bordet

He developed drugs which blocked the action of histamine (antihistamines).

Daniel Bovet

the genetic principle for generation of
antibody diversity".

Tonegawa

Does innate immunity produce protective immunity?

No

These are small antimicrobial peptides that are produced by leukocytes and epithelial cells, and that have an important role in innate immunity.

Defensins

This has antimicrobial activity (bacteriocide, fungicide) and is part of the innate defense, mainly at mucoses.

Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin acts, mostly ____, on a wide range of human and animal viruses.

in vitro

____ inhibits HIV infection

SLPI

This is used as a form of primitive immunity to
protect the genome from invasion by exogenous
nucleic acids introduced by mobile genetic
elements, such as viruses and transposons.

RNAi

What enzyme initiates the RNAi Pathway?

Dicer

What is the catalytic component of the RISC complex called?

Argonaute

What does small RNAs function in?

gene silencing

Small RNAs contribute to post-transcriptional gene silencing by affecting mRNA ______or translation

stability

Small RNAs contribute to post-transcriptional gene silencing by affecting mRNA stability or _______

translation

Small RNAs contribute to transcriptional gene silencing through _______ to chromatin

epigenetic modifications

Small RNAs contribute to transcriptional gene silencing through epigenetic modifications to _____

chromatin

Dicer" processes long dsRNA into short _____

siRNA

RNAi: innate antiviral mechanism
second wave of siRNA generated by
RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
______: more siRNA available to RISC

RdRPs

Strategies of viruses against RNAi
Inhibition of antiviral ____ response is an important
requirement for propagation of these viruses

siRNA

Dicer of mammalian cells is capable of generating siRNA through cleavage of _____

dsRNAs

Do mammalian viruses produce Suppressor of RNA silencing (SRS)?

YES

How does the skin protect against infection?

by barriers-pH and chemical

Embroylogist that found phagocytosis. Birth of cellular immunology.

Elie Metchnikoff

Nobel Prize for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance.

Peter Medawar

Nobel Prize for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies.

Edelman and Porter

Developed Radioimmuneassay Technique.

Rosalyn Yalow

Name one scientist that discovered genes that regulate immune responses (Ir gene), now known ad the major histocompatibility antigens

George Snell

**Idiotype network. "the specificity in
development and control of the immune system" and the
discovery of "the principle for production of monoclonal
antibodies.

Niels Jerne

Scientist responsible for cloning of the Immunoglobulin gene

Susumu Togegawa

Nobel Prize for discoveries concerning "the specificity of the cell-mediated immune defense".

Peter Doherty

These two scientists won a nobel prize for their work in anaphylaxis.

Paul Portier & Charles Richet

Who was the first president of The American Association of Immunologists.

Michael Hidelberger

Leukocytes only escape _____ and not ______.

veins, arteries

Found phagocytosis.

Elie Metchnikoff