adduction
movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body
abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body
flexion
Bending a body part, limb, or joint
extension
to straighten
horizontal adduction
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position
isometrically
When a muscle is active and its attachments do not move relative to each other
horizontal abduction
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position.
external shoulder rotation ROM
place hands behind head, externally rotate the shoulders by reaching down toward the shoulder blades as far as possible.
internal shoulder rotation ROM
grasp hands behind back, internally rotate shoulders by raising the hands as high as possible, keeping them behind the back
shoulder ROM
preform adduction, abduction, flexion, extension, horizontal adduction, and horizontal abduction through a pain-free range of motion.
external shoulder rotation strength
place hands on lateral side of athlete's wrists, instruct them to externally rotate arms and push against your hands isometrically making sure to stabilize the athlete at the elbow.
internal shoulder rotation strength
place hands on the medial side of the athlete's wrists while the elbow is bent at 90 degrees, instruct them to internally rotate his or her arms and push against your hands isometrically, making sure to stabilize the elbow
shoulder extension strength
make sure shoulder girdle is stabilized, place hand on posterior side of athlete's elbow (elbow will be bent at 90 degrees), tell them to push back against hand isometrically.
shoulder flexion strength
made sure shoulder girdle was stabilized, place hand on anterior side of athlete's elbow, instruct them to push forward against hand isometrically
empty can test
instruct athlete to extend both arms forward at 90 degree angles to the body while horizontally abducting the arm to a 30 degree angle, then instruct them to internally rotate arms as much as possible, turning the thumbs down, and to hold this position wh
ankle inversion ROM
instruct to turn both ankles in so that soles of feet begin to face eachother, observed and compared bilaterally, and check passive ROM by applying controlled force to the feet as athlete repeats previous step.
bilaterally
by both sides
ankle eversion ROM
instruct to turn both ankles out so that soles of feet face away from eachother, observe and compare bilaterally, then check passive ROM by applying controlled force to the feet as athlete repeats previous step
Ankle plantar flexion ROM
instruct to extend both ankles so the toes extend as far away from body as possible, observe and compare bilaterally, then check passive ROM by applying controlled force to the feet as the ankles go through ROM
Ankle dorsiflexion ROM
instruct to flex both ankles so the toes move closer to body, observe and compare bilaterally, then check passive ROM by applying controlled force to the feet as the ankles go through ROM
Ankle Plantar flexion strength
place hands on underside of both of the athlete's feet, near the toes, then apply isometric resistance and instruct to push downward away from body
Ankle Dorsiflexion Strength
place hands on distal portion of both the athlete's feet, with the backs of hands facing the athlete, then apply isometric resistance and instruct to pull feet back toward body
Ankle inversion strength
make hands into fists and place them together between athlete's feet, near the toes, and apply isometric resistance and instruct to push medially against hands
Ankle eversion strength
place hands on the outer aspect of both the athlete's feet, near the toes, apply isometric resistance and instruct to push laterally against hands