Channel
a medium of communication which transmits an information signal
Endpoint
a sender or receiver on a channel
Multiplex
multiple signals are sent over a single channel
Link
a physical connection of endpoints, either point-to-point or multiple access
Network
a collection of hosts/endpoints able to communicate over a channel
Internetwork
a collection of networks connected
Router
determines next network point to forward a package (using tables to connect networks)
Bridge
connects networks and determines if packages can stay within a network
Host
a computer that does something that another computer would want to know about
Interface
a point which connects a computer and a network
Protocol
a set of rules for communication between parties
Layer
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Transport Protocol
protocol layer which establishes connection and ensures data has arrived, a service model
address
a unique label assigned to a device on a network
connection
a continuous exchange of packages across a chanel
datagram
associated with UDP, transfer unit in which delivery/arrival time/arrival order are not guaranteed
IP
routing protocol, does not transport packages
UDP
connectionless protocol for fast transmission, datagram model
TCP
connection-oriented protocol, reliable and in-order byte stream
port
a specified place of entry on an endpoint
client
the requesting party in a packet exchange
server
the providing party in a packet exchange
socket
one endpoint (IP address and port number) in a communication link
node
a connection point or communication endpoint on a network
switch
a simple bridge which avoids distributing all signals and packets to all nodes
hub
wires distribute signals/packet to all nodes
guided medium
waves propagate on something physical such as a cable
point-to-point
a link which has only two nodes
multiple-access
a link which has multiple sending and receiving nodes
packet
generic term for data unit used above the physical layer
message
the full unit of data intended to be sent/received by an end system
segment
unit of data sent from TCP to network layer
frame
unit of data at the physical layer
forwarding
sending a packet to the next intended node
forwarding table
map from destination address and incoming port to outgoing port
buffer
stored packets which have not been sent yet
queue
a list of pending packets to send out
store and forward
receive packet, determine address, and delete when sent
packet switching
move packets in separate increments based on destination address
circuit switching
move packets using a dedicated point-to-point connection
stack
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service model
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RFC
Request for Comments
throughput
performance in units per time
bandwidth
performance in bits per second
latency
performance in time needed
transmission delay
how long the packet is
propagation delay
how long it takes the first bit to reach the other end of the wire
queuing delay
time spent waiting for open link to become available
processing delay
router time spent processing
end-to-end latency
sum of latency for all hops