Three crucial elements of human develipment
Science, people, change
Three domains of human development
Bio social, Cognitive, Psychosocial
The approach that says each person is affected by many social contexts and interpersonal interactions. Nested levels surround individuals and affect them
Bronfenbrenner and Ecological-systems approach
Suggests abilities, personality, and other human characteristics can change over time
Plasticity (evident in dynamic systems approach)
Theory: an orderly, integrated set of statements that...
Describes, explains, and predicts behavior
Name of Psychoanalysis theorists
Freud
Name of psychosocial theorist
Erickson
Cognitive theorist
Piaget
Sociocultural theorists
Vygotsky, Bronfrenbrenner
Universal theorists
Maslow, Rogers, Darwin
Cells that promote growth and sustain life according to instructions in their molecules of DNA
Genes
Molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins
Deoxyribonucleic acid
When two gametes (sperm and ovum) combine and produce new individual with 23 chromosomes from each parent
Zygote
Reproductive cells (sperm and ova) are also known as?
Gametes
46 chromosomes are broken down into two groups. What are they?
44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes
Another name for identical twins
Monozygotic (originate from one zygote)
Another name for fraternal twins
Dizygotic (result from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm)
A.R.T.
Assisted reproductive technology
Environmental factors that affect genes and genetic expression-enhancing, halting, shaping, or altering the expression of genes and resulting in a phenotype that may differ markedly from the genotype
Epigenetic
Genes that add something to some aspect of the phenotype. Partly dependent on all inherited genes
Additive genes
Three main periods of prenatal development
Germinal, embryonic, fetal
When is the germinal period?
First 14 days, zygote begins duplication and division within hours of conception. Development of placenta. Organism grows rapidly.
When is the embryonic period?
From 3rd through 8th week. Primitive streak becomes the neural tube and later forms the brain and spine of the CNS. Head takes shape. Eyes, ears,nose and mouth form. Heart begins to pulsate. Extremities develop.
When is the fetal period?
From 9th week until birth. Rapid growth considerable variation. SRY gene triggers develop of sex organs. Neurological sexy differences begin
Age at which a preterm baby newborn may survive outside the mothers uterus.
Age of viability. About 22 weeks after conception
Newborn mortality
1 in 250 in U.S.
Quick assessment of the newborns heart, breathing, muscle tone, color, and reflexes. Score of 0,1 or 2 in each category
Apgar scale
...
Any agent or condition, including viruses, drugs, resulting in birth defects or complications
Prenatal teratogens
Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child's intellectual and emotional
Behavioral teratogens
Certain teratogens are relatively harmless until exposure reaches a certain level.
Threshold effect (example is alcohol consumption)
Newborns three sets of reflexes
Maintaining oxygen, maintaining constant body temperature, managing feeding
Other reflexes not necessary for survival but signify the state of brain and body functions
Babinski, Stepping, Palmer grasping, and Moro reflexes
What percent of women experience physical problems after birth?
50
Between ____ and ____% of women experience postpartum depression
8 and 15