Explain the sociolinguistic situation of India (F06 /
F07/F07/F09/SR09/S05/F10/) U5
This country gained independence in 1947 and the federal government in India
established a language policy. English, would be substituted by Hindi as the official
language
sociolinguistic situation of INDIA
'Gender' as a variable in sociolinguistics. (J05 / F 06 /SR06/ F09/SR05/SO08/)
U2
There is indeed some evidence that marks language as sexist, or rather their users,
and that both sexes do not speak the same way and that cannot only be attributed to
styli
GENDER AS A VARIABLE IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS
- What factors can affect language planning? (J05 /SO06/ F07/ F08/SR08/SO08/)
U5
The following factors significantly determine the development and the incidence of
language planning in a speech community.
a) Socio-demographic factors profoundly affect lan
WHAT FACTORS CAN AFFECT LANGUAGE PLANNING
Explain the role of English in the World. (J05 /F07 SR08/J05/) U5
English has spread widely all over the world, first because of the influence of the British
Empire and, second due to the preeminence of North American culture in the world. In
Europe, Engl
EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF ENGLISH IN THE WORLD
Explain the difference between pidgin and creole. (F06/ F07/ F09) U3
Pidginization is a process that sometimes takes place when two languages come into
contact and, as a result, there is a process of simplification or hybridization. Often, the
words from
EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PIDGING AND CREOLE
Explain the sociolinguistic situation of New Zealand. (F06 /F08) U5
Almost all Maoris in New Zealand speak English and a large proportion of the young
people are bilingual. However, many youngsters do not speak Maori anymore. Maori is
endangered for sever
EXPLAIN THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC SITUATION OF NEW ZEALAND
Explain the possible outcomes of minority language policy (F06 /) U5
Policy makers in multilingual nations need to make certain important decisions
regarding the status of the languages in contact in a given territory: first, arises the
choice of official
EXPLAIN THE POSSIBILE OUTCOMES OF MINORITY LANGUAGE POLICY
Explain diaspora of English over the World (F06 / SO06/SO08/) U6
Standard English is a term that refers to the variety of English used by the social elite
who are part of a socially, economically and politically dominant group in Englishspeaking
countries
EXPLAIN DIASPORA OF ENGLISH OVER THE WORLD
Explain the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.
(SO06/J05/) U5
There is a need to convert the rich heritage of diverse languages and cultures in
Europe from a barrier to communication into a source of mutual understanding. A better
knowl
EXPLAIN THE COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE FOR LANGUAGES
Explain the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights (SR06/ F07/F08) U5
In 1996, a world-wide representation of non-governmental organizations with the
support of the UNESCO approved The Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights
(UDLR) in Barcelona, Sp
EXPLAIN THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF LINGUISTIC RIGHTS
What's the difference between diglossia and bilingualism? (F07/ F07/
F09/SR09/S05/F10) U4
Diglossia, as it is stated in most works on the topic by JOHN GUMPERZ, does not only
exist in multilingual societies but also in traditionally called 'monolingual so
WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIGLOSSIA AND BILINGUALISM?
Explain the difference between code-switching and code-mixing. (F07/) U4
Code - switching:
At least three types of code-switching can be perceived. These are described by
Romaine as:
a) Tag-switching: for instance the use of exclamations or tags from one
EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING
'Register' as a variable in sociolinguistics (F07/ F07/SR09/S05/) U2
Another variable that is at the speaker's disposal and that is caught up with style is
register. As register is a set of language features, mainly the choice of lexical items or
syntacti
REGISTER AS A VARIABLE IN SOCIOLINGUISTICS
What is decreolization? (F08/)U3
Creoles, as any other living language, continue to evolve. There is a phenomenon
called decreolization that arises when one creole has a prolongued contact with a
standard language in a specific society, and that standard
WHAT IS DECREOLIZATION
What is speech accommodation? (F08/) U2
Speech accommodation consists of the modification of one's own speech or other
communicative behaviors to the ones used by the person one is interacting with. This
way of adjusting one's own speech can give way to s
WHAT IS SPEECH ACCOMODATION
What can you say about the EFL classroom language?(F08/) U6
Classroom language is relatively organized and purposive in contrast to casual
conversation in an ordinary social setting. This can be seen, for instance, in the way
turn-taking is organized. In
WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT THE EFL CLASSROOM LANGUAGE
Explain what a speech community is (SR08/J05/) U1
For general linguistics, a speech community is a group of people that share the same
language or dialect in a specific setting which can be close, such as a city or a
neighborhood; or broad, such as a whol
EXPLAIN WHAT A SPEECH COMMUNITY IS
Language shift in minority languages (F09/) U5
Attitudinal factors also play a role in language maintenance or language shift. Voluntary
individual or small group migration typically results in a quick language shift, whereas
large groups migration often
LANGUAGE SHIFT IN MINORITY LANGUAGES
The sociolinguistic situation in Canada (F09/SR05/) U5
In 1982, Canada became a constitutionally bilingual country and bilingualism continues
to be a sociopolitical issue in this country today. By means of this recent Constitution,
the English rights in Q
SOCIOLINGUISTIC SITUATION IN CANADA
Rules of speaking: telephoning (SR05/) U6
The analysis of sociolinguistic behavior in native English speaking communities can
provide useful insights for the teaching and learning of languages as the description of
rules of speaking can help the teacher a
RULES OF SPEAKING: TELEPHONING
Code switching in bilingual education (F10/) U4
In the case of bilingual and multilingual speakers, code choice is not always at will.
When two languages are at the disposal of the bilingual speaker, there are sometimes
unintentional interferences between
CODE SWITCHING IN BILINGUAL EDUCATION
Ethnomethodology:
This branch of sociology deals with the content of what is being said rather than the
way it is being said. Ethnomethodologists do not study speech or language but the
content of what is being said and, what is more what is not being sai
ETHNOMETHODOLOGY
Pragmatic competence:
This term is concerned with the functional use of linguistic resources (production of
language functions, speech acts, etc.) used on aural communication or scripts of
interactional exchanges. IT also concerns the mastery of discourse
PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE
Pragmatics:
It is a branch of linguistics that studies the use of language in communication, i.e., the
relationships between utterances and the contexts and situations in which they are
used. Within pragmatics, discourse analysis studies language in disco
PRAGMATICS
Proficiency:
It is someone's skill in using a language, generally as a second language. This term
describes the degree of skill that someone has attained in a language and his/her
ability over the four basic skills: speaking, reading, writing and listenin
PROFICIENCY
(Proto) - Indo- European:
Languages can be classified genetically. This classification involves comparing the
structure of different languages in order to show common parentage. Indo-European is
the best- known language family. The major Indo-European sub
(PROTO) - INDO EUROPEAN
Sociolinguistic competence:
This term refers to the sociocultural conditions of language use. Through its sensitivity
to social conventions (rules of politeness, norms governing relations between
generations, sexes, classes and social groups, linguistic c
SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPENTECE
Sociolinguistic interview:
It is a technique to collect speech samples to gather information about a given speaker,
or group of speakers, in a speech community. This qualitative method of research is of
prime importance for the sociolinguist as it provide
SOCIOLINGUISTIC INTERVIEW
Sociolinguistic relativity:
When people coming from different social and linguistic backgrounds interact, quite
naturally they tend to analyze and judge each other's system and taking their own
system as a reference. The more interaction with different cu
SOCIOLINGUISTIC RELATIVITY
Status planning:
This term refers to actions aiming at raising or lowering the status of a language or
dialect and which basically refers to decisions regarding the selection of particular
varieties for particular purposes or communicative functions. SP i
STATUS PLANNING
Linguistic competence:
It refers to lexical, phonological, syntactical knowledge and skills and other dimensions
of language as system, independently of the sociolinguistic value of its variation and
the pragmatic functions of its realizations. This compo
LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
Language spread:
It consists of an increase in the use of a language or language variety for a given
communicative function by a specific social or ethnic group. LS can either refer to a
traditional language within a speech community or a language that is
LANGUAGE SPREAD
Language Policy Division:
This department of the EU is located in Strasburg and has responsibility for actions
concerning the progress of language education policies within the EU member states.
This division is in charge of the elaboration of guidelines
LANGUAGE POLICY DIVISION
Language functions:
Language is frequently described as having three main functions: descriptive,
expressive, and social. The descriptive function of language is to carry factual
information. The expressive function of language is to provide information a
LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
Language election/selection:
Some developing countries, at some point, need to make decisions with regards to
their sociopolitical evolution and their international recognition. For instance,
Mozambique adopted Portuguese, the former colonial language, as
LANGUAGE ELECTION/SELECTION