Reformation
The 16th century movement to change abusive practices within the Catholic church
95 Theses
On 10/31/1517 Martin Luther nailed his list of 95 things that he thought was wrong with the Catholic church to the door of his church
John Tetzel
The biggest seller of indulgences within the Catholic church
Ulrich Zwingli
Protestant reformer in Switzerland; humanistic education with an influence by Erasmus
John Calvin
Catholic education prior to joining reformation in 1534; in 1536 his ideas with Calvinism were adopted in Geneva, Switzerland - this was right after he fled from France due to persecution; the "elect" should force vision of God's will on everyone
Predestination
The idea that your life and the decisions you make in life have already been determined by God prior to your conception
Peace of Augsburg
In September 1555, representatives from each major division within Christianity met; "Cuius regio, eius religio" - "Whose realm, his religion"; Religion of the land was decided by the prince's religion (unless you like Calvinism...then you suck)
Wives of Henry VII
Catherine of Aragon (Mary - Divorced)
Anne Boleyn (Elizabeth - Beheaded)
Jane Seymour (Edward VI - Died)
Anne of Cleves (Divorced)
Kathryn Howard (Beheaded)
Katherine Parr (Survived)
Edward VI
Son to King Henry VIII and Jane Seymour; crowned at the age of 9 due to his father's death
Reformation Parliament
1529-1536 session of Parliament where King Henry VIII got them to pass any act he wanted in order to establish the reformed church of England; Passed acts such as Submission of Clergy Act, Act of Succession, Act of Supremacy, etc.
Miguel de Cervantes
Spanish novelist and dramatist; most famous work is Don Quixote (ft. Sancho Panza) where he famously watches his lord fight a windmill that he mistakes for a dragon
Council of Trent
A general council of the Catholic church who gathered for 3 sessions spanned over 18 years set to reassert the doctrine of the church
Jesuits
Roman Catholic order of priests established by Ignatious Loyola who were sent out to oppose the reformation
Martin Luther
The father of the reformation; Well educated man who saw the abuses of the church in Rome in 1510; "Justification by faith alone" is how to get to heaven; 95 Theses in 1517; excommunicated in 1521 where he then went into exile and translated New Testament
Indulgences
Cash payments for remittance of sins
Charles V
The Holy Roman Emperor during the beginning of the reformation; exiled Luther at his Diet of Worms; idiot at Diet of Augsburg; smart at Peace of Augsburg
Anabaptists
Radical reforming movement in the 16th century advocating the baptism and church membership of adult believers (only), nonresistance, and the separation of church and state; "Swiss brethren
Calvinism
Calvinism = Predestination; Replaced Lutheranism as the most popular reformed religion in the second half of the 16th century; Based off of predestination and the individual responsibility to reorder society according to God
Transubstantiation
The Catholic belief that during communion you are literally consuming the flesh and blood of Christ
Henry VIII
The man, the myth, the legend
Act of Supremacy
Act passed by the Reformation Parliament declaring that Anne Boleyn's children heirs to the throne
Pope Leo X
The pope during the German, English, and Swiss reformations
Defender of the Faith
Title given to Henry VIII (and every monarch since) for his writing of "Defense of the Seven Sacraments" with Sir Thomas More
William Shakespeare
Brilliant play write who took the style of classic comedies, tragedies, medieval morality, and contemporary Italian stories to develop English drama
Ignatius of Loyola
Saint of the Roman Catholic Church who founded the jesuits
Exile
State of being banned from one's country
Benefices
A permanent Church appointment, typically that of a rector or vicar, for which property and income are provided in respect of pastoral duties
Exhorted
To strongly encourage or urge someone to do something
Excommunication
State of being banned from a body of religion; also meant you're going to hell
Sacraments
A religious act of the Christian Church that is regarded as an outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual divine grace
Diet
A legislative assembly; a meeting or session
Sola Fide
Christian theological doctrine that distinguishes most Protestant denominations from Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, and some in the Restoration Movement
Egalitarian
Of, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities