Art Nouveau
asymmetry, flowing lines, sudden or whiplash curves. Suited for asymmetrical, curving containers. Formal linear. Curvy lines and containers inspired by nature.
Art Deco
Design style popular in 1920s and 1930s. Geometric and linear patterns and bold lines. Influenced by Egyptian and Aztec cultures, jazz age, and industrial age.
French
(1643-1715) "Grand Era" Cues from Dutch Flemish style. Classic form, symmetry, opulence, refinement, extravagance, elegance. Ornamental vases common.
Victorian
Romantic period/Era. named for ruling Queen Victoria. Improved transportation-greater variety of plant materials. Mixes of many types of flowers, like garden and tropical. Flowers used as accessories. Flower meaning becoming important. decorative and orna
Dutch-Flemish/Baroque
Floral arrangements sign of wealth. LOTS of ornamentation, usually from fruit and jewelry. Flower themselves over the top. Exotic with standard, herbs as well. Rich, dark colors and large flowers. S-curve important in Baroque. Containers usually simple, l
Colonial
simple shapes like squares and triangles. simple and subtle bouquets of easily gathered materials like garden flowers, herbs, grasses, and branches in gourds, other natural containers, china or porcelain.
Greek
Flowers for adornment, herbs frequently used. Designs expressed grace an simplicity. Fragrance and symbolism of color and flower type were important. Arrangements sometimes representative of a hero or god. Garlands and wreaths, or strewn on ground. Horn o
English-Georgian
flowers used for fragrance more than aesthetics. Symmetry, especially triangular. affected y formality of era. Arrangements of one color or one type of flower common. Heavy containers at beginning of era, got lighter toward end.
Renaissance
Flourished after Europe's dark ages. tight symmetrical shapes. colorful flowers with fruits and vegetables. Typical containers were urns, jugs, and bowls. flower associated with virtues of Christianity used, like white lily.
Early-American
Greco-Roman motifs became popular due to excavation of Herculaneum and pompeii, renewing ideals of patriotism, republicanism, peace, and simplicity. style was classic, formal, uncluttered, and sparse. Symmetric and elongated, either vertically or horizont
Egyptian period
flowers in bowl or basin in repeating order. Flowers in spouted vases. garlands, wreaths, flower collars. chaplets. vivid colors of medium value. Lotus, iris, anemone, marsh grass, and other water-loving plants used, as well as fruit and sometimes vegetab
chaplet
garland or headpiece
how did Greek people use flowers?
flowers and petals scattered on the ground
cornucopia (horn of plenty)
it is greek originally position upright and filled with flowers, fruits, and veggies
roman period
first truly naturalistic flower bouquet in western culture
Byzantine period
symmetrical, stylized cone tree compositions
Cut flowers from Middle Age
they were an important part of everyday life and used in food, drink, medicine, and personal adornment. they also freshened the air.
white lily
chastity and fertility
rose
sacred or profane love
Baroque period, esp the dutch-flemish style offered what type of design?
flamboyant arrangements of mixed flowers with elaborate accessories; S-line.
puts accessories such as bird nests, eggs, etc at the base of the design
dutch-flemish
what is a nosegay and why was in invented?
a small, handheld bouquet to give relief from the smells of unsanitary surroundings
tussie-mussie
another name for nosegay
epergne container
tiered container used to hold flowers and fruit
why were bouquet holders introduced?
to place nosegays in while participating in activities like dancing and eating.
what is different about the oriental style as compared to the European style?
oriental style was naturalistic and unstructured with horizontal lines, while the European style was structured, rounded, and massed.
Describe and contrast the Early-American design compared to the Colonial design
Early american had wild flowers, grasses, and grains in everyday pitchers and containers. Colonial had dried/fresh flowers and grasses in elaborate vases
Victorian period in america was known as...
Romantic Period
In contrast to European styles of design, what characteristics have oriental floral arranging focused on?
linear, asymmetrical balance, symbolism in uncluttered line and simple elegance.
what is characteristic to Chinese arrangements?
less stylized and less recognixed and studies than Japanese style. symbolic of nature with few flowers and interesting branches. Yang vs. Yin, opposites in nature. Arrangements include the use of a strong and dominate, uprigh/ vertical element, and use of
Contrast the Japanese style to the Chinese style
Chinese arrangements are less stylized, less recognized, and appear less carfully planned than Japanese arrangements. Japanese designs are highly stylized and adhere to strict rules of construction.
what is the philosophy Japanese schools and styles all share?
to depict and symbolize nature.
tokonoma
an alcove in a home in which a flower arrangement, a hanging scroll, and other art is displayed.
ikebana
giving life to flowers
how may groups of Japanese flower arrangements? What are their names?
3
Rikka (ikenobo school) upright style
Moribana (Ohara School) practical and naturalistic
Freestyle/abstract: (Sogetsu) freestyle
Rikka
upright style, standing flowers Ancient temple style. Traditionally had several branches that symbolized the mythical Mount Meru of Buddhist cosmology. Three main braches were shin (truth), soe (supporting), and nagashi (flowing).
Shin
heaven line: points straight up has the highest point
Soe
Man line: points in the middle of the heaven and earth line usually point toward the viewer.
Tai
Earth line: points toward the ground
Shoka
Japanese "living flower" Classical Japanese floral art. Follows many structural rules and the classical feeling of ancient Ikenobo school. Three-branched and asymmetrical (shin, soe, tai) simplification of rikka.
Yang
dominant, sturdy, strong, mascline. represents day, light, summer, the sun.
plants: everygreen, other tree branches, bamboo, shrubs, fully opened flowers.
Yin
delicate, fragile, feminine force. represents night, dark, winter, and the moon.
plants: tight buds, delicate flowers, blossoms, grasses
Kubari
Japanese design technique. Forked sticks fitted across mouth of container. Y-shaped piece of wood which, when fitted inside neck of vase, serves as flower holder.
Kenzan
japanese pin holder used in low bowls to construct designs. Today we use floral foam
Nageire
it is more upright and taller, uses vertical and narrow vases. triangular structure
moribana
low and flat dish-like vases to construct landscapes. triangular structure
Jiyu-bana
Japanese "free flowers' Can use combinations of wood, metal, or any other materials. Prescribed rules of angles and measurements are mostly ignored, though theme of heaven, earth, and man are never ignored. Goal is to create out of the way and impressive
how are promotion, advertising, and networking important in the wedding business?
to be a profitable wedding florist you have to attract and sell to prospective brides. Promotion is the show and tell activity, advertising is communication through the use of media, and networking is interacting with related business to share information
Name some qualifications necessary for a competent bridal consultant
Experienced in sales and is knowledgeable about flowers, bouquet styles, ceremony and reception decorations, and profitable pricing. Also the consultant is competent in color theory, stays up to date with bridal fashions and trends, should be a good liste
What are important items of discussion at the consultation?
general information about bride and wedding, flowers for the bride, attendants and others in the bridal party and family, ceremony decorations, reception decorations, home flowers, rehearsal dinner flowers, and additional decorations.
pays for the bridal bouquet?
Groom and family
pays for the other floral designs
bride and family
going away corsage
a part of the bridal bouquet that is removed to be worn by the bride as she leaves with her husband for the honeymoon.
know about traditional ceremony decorations
altar decoration, candelabra, processional aisle, pew decoration, aisleabra, canopy, chuppah, wedding arch, fireplace
reception decorations
cake, cake table, gift table, serving tables, punch tables, guest tables, head table, table skirt decorations, decorations around the receiving line, personal flowers on the bridal party.
name the tradition styles of bridal bouquets
colonial, cascade, crescent, hand-tied, and arm bouquet.
handheld
flowers may be tied together with ribbon or string
Cascade
Flowers may be individually wired and taped and then assembled together
colonial
flowers may be inserted into floral foam holders.
Arm
also called presentation bouquet and queens bouquets more natural but luxurious, presentation of flowers
basket
informal flower look popular for summer and outdoor weddings
cascade
features dominate descending line movement cascading protions of the bouquet may be short and simple or long, full, and flowing.
clutch
another name for hand-tied bouquets
colonial
most widely selected bouquets for brides and bridesmaids. fashioned after the nosegay. many other bouquets styles are some form or variation of the colonial
crescent
variation of cascade bouquet and shaped in a crescent moon. useful for unique flowers with distinctive shapes.
cuff
cascading floral display on a ring or cuff held in the hand or worn on the wrist. comfortable, lightweight, and easy to wear or hold.
fan
fans decorated with an exaggerated corsage attached to it.
hand-tied
casual gathering of blossoms tied into position with ribbon or string. natural, harden-picked appearance, popular. more formal with ribbon tied around stems to create a handle.
Muff
cluste of flowers pinned to the muff for winter months
parasol
some are decorated to be carried closed or over the shoulder in a fully open position
pomander
spherical design hung from a ribbon or cord
prayer book
sentimental floral design attaching a mini cascade bouquet to the prayer book or bible.
shower
large, heavy wedding bouquets with numerous ribbon streamers
specialty
novelty bouquets for brides with unconventional themes.
toss
the tradition of tossing the bridal bouquet to all the single women
wreath
symbolic of never-ending love it is generally made on a wire ring.
what is some research results regarding sympathizing flowers
a study from Harvard Medical School showed that flowers ease anxiety and worry.
How have funeral flowers and customs changed in the last century?
Door badges marked the home of the bereaved and it was customary for people to send flowers to the grieving family. Societies and organizations to which the dead belonged would send ornate set pieces. WWII popularized cremation,, private burial, and memor
what are some historic sympathy designs
set pieces symbolized a life interrupted by death, broken ladder, broke wheel, broken or bleeding heart, or empty chair. Gates ajar were, and still remain, very popular.
in lieu of flowers
it is an obituary to encourage generous donations and gestures, but often people will then not send the necessary or desired donation and not send flowers. there are then not enough flowers at the funeral
common floral pieces displayed at funerals
set piece, casket spray, insert design, pall bearer boutonnieres, floral rosary, casket scarf, casket blanket, empty chair, gates ajar.
what are the heart designs
solid heart, open hear, broken heart, bleeding heart, double heart
what is sympathy wreath symbolic of?
Eternal life and never-ending love
What are the common complaints of funeral directors about the florist and floral tributes?
late deliveries and lack of professionalism.
wreath
sumbolic of eternal life and never-ending love
open heart
has negative space like a wreath
solid heart
Heart-shaped form fully covered with flowers
broken heart
made on a solid heart form, generally with an all-over white flowers background with a zigzag of flowers dividing the heart in two.
pall bearer boutonnieres
worn by those who carry the casket
rosary
floral replica of the catholic symbol of faith
pillow design
symbolic of eternal and peaceful rest
set piece
floral tributes designed in special shapes. often constructed on foam forms.
casket spray
large floral design placed on top of the casket
inset design
designed to fit into the corner of the open lid of a casket. generally coordinate in color and style to the casket spray.
why were bouquet holders introduced?
to place nosegays in while participating in activities
why were bouquet holders introduced?
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