Floral Design

Art Nouveau

asymmetry, flowing lines, sudden or whiplash curves. Suited for asymmetrical, curving containers. Formal linear. Curvy lines and containers inspired by nature.

Art Deco

Design style popular in 1920s and 1930s. Geometric and linear patterns and bold lines. Influenced by Egyptian and Aztec cultures, jazz age, and industrial age.

French

(1643-1715) "Grand Era" Cues from Dutch Flemish style. Classic form, symmetry, opulence, refinement, extravagance, elegance. Ornamental vases common.

Victorian

Romantic period/Era. named for ruling Queen Victoria. Improved transportation-greater variety of plant materials. Mixes of many types of flowers, like garden and tropical. Flowers used as accessories. Flower meaning becoming important. decorative and orna

Dutch-Flemish/Baroque

Floral arrangements sign of wealth. LOTS of ornamentation, usually from fruit and jewelry. Flower themselves over the top. Exotic with standard, herbs as well. Rich, dark colors and large flowers. S-curve important in Baroque. Containers usually simple, l

Colonial

simple shapes like squares and triangles. simple and subtle bouquets of easily gathered materials like garden flowers, herbs, grasses, and branches in gourds, other natural containers, china or porcelain.

Greek

Flowers for adornment, herbs frequently used. Designs expressed grace an simplicity. Fragrance and symbolism of color and flower type were important. Arrangements sometimes representative of a hero or god. Garlands and wreaths, or strewn on ground. Horn o

English-Georgian

flowers used for fragrance more than aesthetics. Symmetry, especially triangular. affected y formality of era. Arrangements of one color or one type of flower common. Heavy containers at beginning of era, got lighter toward end.

Renaissance

Flourished after Europe's dark ages. tight symmetrical shapes. colorful flowers with fruits and vegetables. Typical containers were urns, jugs, and bowls. flower associated with virtues of Christianity used, like white lily.

Early-American

Greco-Roman motifs became popular due to excavation of Herculaneum and pompeii, renewing ideals of patriotism, republicanism, peace, and simplicity. style was classic, formal, uncluttered, and sparse. Symmetric and elongated, either vertically or horizont

Egyptian period

flowers in bowl or basin in repeating order. Flowers in spouted vases. garlands, wreaths, flower collars. chaplets. vivid colors of medium value. Lotus, iris, anemone, marsh grass, and other water-loving plants used, as well as fruit and sometimes vegetab

chaplet

garland or headpiece

how did Greek people use flowers?

flowers and petals scattered on the ground

cornucopia (horn of plenty)

it is greek originally position upright and filled with flowers, fruits, and veggies

roman period

first truly naturalistic flower bouquet in western culture

Byzantine period

symmetrical, stylized cone tree compositions

Cut flowers from Middle Age

they were an important part of everyday life and used in food, drink, medicine, and personal adornment. they also freshened the air.

white lily

chastity and fertility

rose

sacred or profane love

Baroque period, esp the dutch-flemish style offered what type of design?

flamboyant arrangements of mixed flowers with elaborate accessories; S-line.

puts accessories such as bird nests, eggs, etc at the base of the design

dutch-flemish

what is a nosegay and why was in invented?

a small, handheld bouquet to give relief from the smells of unsanitary surroundings

tussie-mussie

another name for nosegay

epergne container

tiered container used to hold flowers and fruit

why were bouquet holders introduced?

to place nosegays in while participating in activities like dancing and eating.

what is different about the oriental style as compared to the European style?

oriental style was naturalistic and unstructured with horizontal lines, while the European style was structured, rounded, and massed.

Describe and contrast the Early-American design compared to the Colonial design

Early american had wild flowers, grasses, and grains in everyday pitchers and containers. Colonial had dried/fresh flowers and grasses in elaborate vases

Victorian period in america was known as...

Romantic Period

In contrast to European styles of design, what characteristics have oriental floral arranging focused on?

linear, asymmetrical balance, symbolism in uncluttered line and simple elegance.

what is characteristic to Chinese arrangements?

less stylized and less recognixed and studies than Japanese style. symbolic of nature with few flowers and interesting branches. Yang vs. Yin, opposites in nature. Arrangements include the use of a strong and dominate, uprigh/ vertical element, and use of

Contrast the Japanese style to the Chinese style

Chinese arrangements are less stylized, less recognized, and appear less carfully planned than Japanese arrangements. Japanese designs are highly stylized and adhere to strict rules of construction.

what is the philosophy Japanese schools and styles all share?

to depict and symbolize nature.

tokonoma

an alcove in a home in which a flower arrangement, a hanging scroll, and other art is displayed.

ikebana

giving life to flowers

how may groups of Japanese flower arrangements? What are their names?

3
Rikka (ikenobo school) upright style
Moribana (Ohara School) practical and naturalistic
Freestyle/abstract: (Sogetsu) freestyle

Rikka

upright style, standing flowers Ancient temple style. Traditionally had several branches that symbolized the mythical Mount Meru of Buddhist cosmology. Three main braches were shin (truth), soe (supporting), and nagashi (flowing).

Shin

heaven line: points straight up has the highest point

Soe

Man line: points in the middle of the heaven and earth line usually point toward the viewer.

Tai

Earth line: points toward the ground

Shoka

Japanese "living flower" Classical Japanese floral art. Follows many structural rules and the classical feeling of ancient Ikenobo school. Three-branched and asymmetrical (shin, soe, tai) simplification of rikka.

Yang

dominant, sturdy, strong, mascline. represents day, light, summer, the sun.
plants: everygreen, other tree branches, bamboo, shrubs, fully opened flowers.

Yin

delicate, fragile, feminine force. represents night, dark, winter, and the moon.
plants: tight buds, delicate flowers, blossoms, grasses

Kubari

Japanese design technique. Forked sticks fitted across mouth of container. Y-shaped piece of wood which, when fitted inside neck of vase, serves as flower holder.

Kenzan

japanese pin holder used in low bowls to construct designs. Today we use floral foam

Nageire

it is more upright and taller, uses vertical and narrow vases. triangular structure

moribana

low and flat dish-like vases to construct landscapes. triangular structure

Jiyu-bana

Japanese "free flowers' Can use combinations of wood, metal, or any other materials. Prescribed rules of angles and measurements are mostly ignored, though theme of heaven, earth, and man are never ignored. Goal is to create out of the way and impressive

how are promotion, advertising, and networking important in the wedding business?

to be a profitable wedding florist you have to attract and sell to prospective brides. Promotion is the show and tell activity, advertising is communication through the use of media, and networking is interacting with related business to share information

Name some qualifications necessary for a competent bridal consultant

Experienced in sales and is knowledgeable about flowers, bouquet styles, ceremony and reception decorations, and profitable pricing. Also the consultant is competent in color theory, stays up to date with bridal fashions and trends, should be a good liste

What are important items of discussion at the consultation?

general information about bride and wedding, flowers for the bride, attendants and others in the bridal party and family, ceremony decorations, reception decorations, home flowers, rehearsal dinner flowers, and additional decorations.

pays for the bridal bouquet?

Groom and family

pays for the other floral designs

bride and family

going away corsage

a part of the bridal bouquet that is removed to be worn by the bride as she leaves with her husband for the honeymoon.

know about traditional ceremony decorations

altar decoration, candelabra, processional aisle, pew decoration, aisleabra, canopy, chuppah, wedding arch, fireplace

reception decorations

cake, cake table, gift table, serving tables, punch tables, guest tables, head table, table skirt decorations, decorations around the receiving line, personal flowers on the bridal party.

name the tradition styles of bridal bouquets

colonial, cascade, crescent, hand-tied, and arm bouquet.

handheld

flowers may be tied together with ribbon or string

Cascade

Flowers may be individually wired and taped and then assembled together

colonial

flowers may be inserted into floral foam holders.

Arm

also called presentation bouquet and queens bouquets more natural but luxurious, presentation of flowers

basket

informal flower look popular for summer and outdoor weddings

cascade

features dominate descending line movement cascading protions of the bouquet may be short and simple or long, full, and flowing.

clutch

another name for hand-tied bouquets

colonial

most widely selected bouquets for brides and bridesmaids. fashioned after the nosegay. many other bouquets styles are some form or variation of the colonial

crescent

variation of cascade bouquet and shaped in a crescent moon. useful for unique flowers with distinctive shapes.

cuff

cascading floral display on a ring or cuff held in the hand or worn on the wrist. comfortable, lightweight, and easy to wear or hold.

fan

fans decorated with an exaggerated corsage attached to it.

hand-tied

casual gathering of blossoms tied into position with ribbon or string. natural, harden-picked appearance, popular. more formal with ribbon tied around stems to create a handle.

Muff

cluste of flowers pinned to the muff for winter months

parasol

some are decorated to be carried closed or over the shoulder in a fully open position

pomander

spherical design hung from a ribbon or cord

prayer book

sentimental floral design attaching a mini cascade bouquet to the prayer book or bible.

shower

large, heavy wedding bouquets with numerous ribbon streamers

specialty

novelty bouquets for brides with unconventional themes.

toss

the tradition of tossing the bridal bouquet to all the single women

wreath

symbolic of never-ending love it is generally made on a wire ring.

what is some research results regarding sympathizing flowers

a study from Harvard Medical School showed that flowers ease anxiety and worry.

How have funeral flowers and customs changed in the last century?

Door badges marked the home of the bereaved and it was customary for people to send flowers to the grieving family. Societies and organizations to which the dead belonged would send ornate set pieces. WWII popularized cremation,, private burial, and memor

what are some historic sympathy designs

set pieces symbolized a life interrupted by death, broken ladder, broke wheel, broken or bleeding heart, or empty chair. Gates ajar were, and still remain, very popular.

in lieu of flowers

it is an obituary to encourage generous donations and gestures, but often people will then not send the necessary or desired donation and not send flowers. there are then not enough flowers at the funeral

common floral pieces displayed at funerals

set piece, casket spray, insert design, pall bearer boutonnieres, floral rosary, casket scarf, casket blanket, empty chair, gates ajar.

what are the heart designs

solid heart, open hear, broken heart, bleeding heart, double heart

what is sympathy wreath symbolic of?

Eternal life and never-ending love

What are the common complaints of funeral directors about the florist and floral tributes?

late deliveries and lack of professionalism.

wreath

sumbolic of eternal life and never-ending love

open heart

has negative space like a wreath

solid heart

Heart-shaped form fully covered with flowers

broken heart

made on a solid heart form, generally with an all-over white flowers background with a zigzag of flowers dividing the heart in two.

pall bearer boutonnieres

worn by those who carry the casket

rosary

floral replica of the catholic symbol of faith

pillow design

symbolic of eternal and peaceful rest

set piece

floral tributes designed in special shapes. often constructed on foam forms.

casket spray

large floral design placed on top of the casket

inset design

designed to fit into the corner of the open lid of a casket. generally coordinate in color and style to the casket spray.

why were bouquet holders introduced?

to place nosegays in while participating in activities

why were bouquet holders introduced?

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