ethnicity
categorization of a group of people by a distinctive trait. IE: genealogy, ancestry, race, nationality.
culture
a way of life that distinguishes a particular group of people from other groups. IE: learned behaviors of a group.
Joint Comission
accreditation agency for health care facilities. Has established all patients have the right to medical care, taking into consideration for culture, religion, and spiritual.
transcultural nursing
nursing care crosses cultural boundaries or combines the elements of more than one culture.
cultural awareness
knowledge of various cultural beliefs and values.
cultural diversity
differences between groups of people in a certain area.
cultural sensitivity
providing care to patients with respect for their cultural beliefs.
Jewish culture
Pork is forbidden. Not permitted to eat dairy with meat.
Hindu culture
eat vegetarian diet only, use lots of spices, believe in reincarnation.
Muslim/Islam culture
no pork or pork products, women are modest, consent form signed by both husband and wife.
Native American culture
Illness is considered to be a concern of entire extended family, many tribal healing rituals are considered sacred and only shared with Shaman from generation to generation.
Amish culture
do not believe in using hospital for birth or death.
Catholic culture
no meat on special days such as Fridays during Lent.
Caring for patients with diverse backgrounds
Exhibit warmth, dignity, and respect. Be an active listener, pay attention to non verbal cues. Use interpreter when needed. Avoid rushing during communication. Avoid stereotyping. Hand gestures mean different things to each culture.
prejudice
judgment about a person or group based on an irrational suspicion or a hatred of a group, race, or religion.
discrimination
unfair treatment of one or more persons or group due to misguided beliefs about that group's culture.
religion
formal, structured systems of beliefs, values, rituals, and practices of a person or group. Based on teachings of a god or spiritual leader.
spirituality
relationship of spirit to body, mind, an environment; relationships to other.
spiritual distress
stress related to spiritual doubt occurring in times of major life changes.
spiritual care
understanding one's own spirituality, beliefs, and values in order to provide care to patients.
Benefits of spirituality or religion
Healthy lifestyle, lower frequency of unhealthy behaviors, stronger support system, emotional well being, empowers the patient and gives a sense of control.
bio-medical
can be proved scientifically, it is accepted as truth and law.
naturalistic
a healthy state is one of balance and harmony; balance between yin and yang maintains and restores health. IE: Asian culture.
Folk healing
beliefs in practitioners of specific alternative therapy by herbalists, spiritualists, and naturalists to promote health. IE: Native American.
magico-religious
believe that disease is caused by supernatural forces and health can be restored by supernatural forces.
body
physical, biological part of the person
mind
part of the person that learns, thinks, communicates, makes decisions, and feels.
spirit
the essence of the person; the vital force or energy distinct from physical matter.
Yin and Yang
Asian belief that the balance between yin and yang is what maintains and restores health. Cold diseases are cramps, rhinitis, colic. Hot diseases are HTN, DM, pregnancy.
Jewish culture for post mortem
The nurse should not touch the body after death. A member of the Burial Society will come and prepare the body. If it is the Sabbath, nursing personnel may touch the body if they wear gloves.
Hindu dietary culture
no beef or pork. No eating utensils in the native land, but do in US. Eat vegetarian diet only but use lots of spices. Yogurt and sweets at every meal.
Muslim culture
No pork or pork products. Family issues require both spouses to agree and consent forms are to be signed by both husband and wife. Try to assign same gender for HCPs.
African American might feel ___________ of HCPs.
mistrustful; Often refuse advance directives and do not resuscitate status.
Native Americans Health Beliefs
many tribal healing rituals are considered sacred secrets only shared with Shaman from generation to generation. Believe in cleansing the ill with smoke of sacred plants.
Christian Science
Do not believe in traditional medical care. Believe sickness caused by lack of knowledge, fear or sin.
Hindu avoid eating with _____ hand.
Left
Jewish Health
Do not put much faith in psychiatry. Kosher diets. Perform washing of hands ritual. Consult family on whether or not you can touch the body after death.
Latter Day Saints
Sterilization is not permitted, such as vasectomy and tubes. Males may be circumcised for cleanliness and health.
Seventh Day Adventists
If anointment has taken place, avoid bathing the patient for at least several hours.