undernutrition
the condition in which not enough calories are ingested to maintain health
malnourished
having a diet that lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals
food security
a condition in which people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs for an active and healthy life
food insecurity
a condition in which people do not have adequate access to food
famine
the condition in which food insecurity is so extreme that large numbers of deaths occur in a given area over a relatively short period
anemia
a deficiency of iron
overnutrition
ingestion of too many calories and a lack of balance of foods and nutrients
meat
livestock or poultry consumed as food
industrial agriculture
agriculture that applies techniques of mechanization and standardization. Also known as agribusiness
energy subsidy
the fossil fuel energy and human energy input per calorie of food produced
green revolution
a shift in agricultural practices in the twentieth century that included new management techniques, mechanization, fertilization, irrigation, and improved crop varieties, and that resulted in increased food output
economies of scale
the observation that average costs of production fall as output increases