Velocity
Velocity is the speed and direction of an object
Acceleration
Acceleration is the change in velocity
Force
Force = mass x acceleration
Action and reaction forces
Third law of motion states that every action or force in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction in other words as you sit in a chair your body exerts a downward force on the chair the chair exerts an upward force on your body these are two forces resulting from the interaction a force on the chair and enforce on your body these two forces are called action and reaction forces
Vector
Forces are vector quantities that means that they both have a magnitude or size and a direction associated with them force is applied in the same direction as other forces increase the total force and forces that move in opposite directions reduce the total force in general and object can be acted on by several different forces at any one time
Equilibrium or balance
Cool Librium or balance when two or more forces in Iraq so that their combination cancels the other out a state of equilibrium occurs in this state the velocity of an object doesn't change the forces are considered to be balanced if the rightward forces are balanced by the leftward forces and the upward forces are balanced by the downward forces
Static equilibrium
If an object is at rest and is in a state of equilibrium then it is at static equilibrium static means being stationary or at rest for example a glass of water sitting on a table is that static equilibrium the table exerts an upward force on the glass to counteract the force of gravity
Pressure
Pressure is a measurement of force over an area pressure is usually measured in pounds per square inch or psi
Pressure equation
Pressure = force in pounds/ area in inches
Barometer
A barometer is a gauge that measures atmospheric pressure
Normal atmospheric pressure
Normal atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi a change in air pressure means the weather is about to change
Friction
Resistance to the motion of two objects or surfaces that touch
Gravity
The physical property that draws objects toward the center of Earth and other objects that have mass
Magnetism
The property of attracting iron or steel
Recoil
The property of kicking back when released
Static electricity
The production of stationary electrical charges often the result of friction
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that every object in the universe attracts every other object in the universe the earth produces gravity and so did the Sun other planets your car your house and your body
Mass
The force of gravity depends on the mass of or amount of matter in the object if you're sitting in front of your television you may be surprised to know that the television set is attracting you however because the mass of the TV is so small compared to the mass of the Earth you don't notice the physical pull towards the television set note that the force of gravity acting on an object is equal to the weight of the object of course other planets have less or greater masses and earth to the weight of objects on those planets will be different
Distance
Newton's law also says that the greater the distance is between two objects the less the objects will attract each other in other words the father away an object is from Earth or any large body the last of the way you stand at the top of a high mountain you will weigh less than you will see level foreign object to really lose weight and must be far away from the earth or any other large body when an object is far enough away from these bodies that it Durrance practically no gravitational pull from them it is said to experience weightlessness just like the astronaut you see on TV
Centrifugal force
An object driving in a circle appears to experience a gravitational force this isn't really gravity but instead it's a concept known as centrifugal force the amount of forest depends on the mass of the object the speed of the rotation in the distance from the center the more mass of the object the greater the force the greater the speed of the object the greater the force the grade of the distance from the center of the greater the force the centrifugal force or effect on an object is actually a fictitious outward force on an object moving along. Curve path which can be equal to the centripetal force of an object
Central pedal for
Central pedal for points towards the center of an object circular path perpendicular to the direction of motion of an object your writing on a merry-go-round the playground yeah I know the feeling of being pushed out word isn't due to something actually pushing you in that direction but your body's and nursery trying to keep you moving in a straight line because of one of Newton's law state that moving objects 10 to one to travel in one direction as the merry-go-round turned your body wants to keep traveling and one direction tangent to the circle if you like math see feel like you're being pushed outwards
Tension force
Tension force is the force transmitted through a rope string or wire one forces applied to both written three fourths of the amount of tension directed along the Rope string or wire and pulls equally on the objects of both ends tension force is usually measured in other pounds for sore Newtons 4.45 Newtons equals 1 pound force
Elastic recoil
Liquids and gases don't have a specific shape with solid matter does solids are perfectly happy with the way they look and resists changes in shape if you exert a force on a solid shape it spons by exerting a force in the opposite direction this is called elastic recoil
Work
Mechanically speaking of work happens when a force usually measured in pounds moving over a measurable distance usually measured in feet overcomes resistance in the United States they measure for work is often called a foot pound 1 foot pound of work occurs when one pound weight is lifted to a height of 1 foot you can represent this concept in an equation for
Work equation
Work = force x distance
Power
Power is the rate of work
Power equation
Power = work/timeIn this equation work is usually measured in foot-pounds time is measured in minutes and power is measured in foot pounds per minute however the unit of measure for power is commonly put in terms of horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower is derived from the estimate that an average horse conduce 33000 foot pounds of work per minute therefore one horsepower equals 33000 foot pounds per minutes 1 horse powers off of the same as 550 pounds per second
Mechanical advantage
Machines give you the ability to magnify and change the direction of forces when a machine multiplies the force you use it gives you a mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage equation
Mechanical advantage = resistance/effort = output force/input force
Fulcrum
Point of support
Levers
Lovers are among the simplest machines used to help increase force all lever used a a fulcrum point of support to reduce resistance and multiply the Effect of effort resistance is exerted at one end of the lover the resistance arm and effort is exerted at the other the effort arm the effort or move the resistance arm
Level reduces amount of effort equation
Length of effort arm/length of resistance arm = resistance force/effort force
Mechanical advantage of level equation
Mechanical advantage of level = effort arm/resistance arm
Inclined plane or ramp
The inclined plane or ramp is another very simple machine that makes moving an object from one point to another easier the ramp spread your work out of a longer distance the less force is needed to do the work
Ramp equation
Length of ramp/height of ramp = weight if object being moved/force required to move object
Wedges
Register form of incline plane in can multiply your effort in much the same way as a brain scan screws are all so inclined planes only in a spiral form screw jacks which you can use to lift up your house to go to new foundation or a combination of a lever in an inclined plane
Pulleys andGears
Pulleys and gears are certain person that can be used to change the magnitude or size and direction of force when you write an elevator step onto an escalator drive your car or wind up your watch using pulleys and gears
Block and tackle arrangement
When used in a block and tackle arrangement please make lifting heavy objects easier and block and tackle systems please can also be used to change the direction of your pool if you tired 200 pound crate to one end of a rope run the road through pulley and grab the ender in the Rope you can pull down on the rope to lift the crate up without a pulley you can pull down on the crane all day and it wouldn't go up in this case using a simple pulley the force shoot pool must equal the weight of the object being lifted the regular pulley doesn't multiply your force but makes the process public things easier. Using a block and tackle allows you to distribute your force more effectively instead of hosting the entire 200 pound cry and one track you can put on a robe to lifted a few inches pull on the rope some more to add to the few more in inches and so on this makes the work easier to perform a block and tackle system can also be used to reduce it by magnifying force
Gears
Machines often use gears to transmit motion from one place to another and additional advantage of using gears of that they can be used to change direction increase or decrease speed for increase or decrease force here is arranged in a series turn in the opposite direction of each other if you have an even number of gears can I do that a series the first to last year turn in opposite directions you have an odd number of gears aligned in a series the first the last gear spin in the same direction
Gear speed
The speed at which a gear rotates in relation to the driving gear connected to it depends on the number of teeth
Bevel gears
When gear shift are not parallel to one another level gears can be used to connect two girls that have shafts at different angles the principles of gear rotation remain the same
Pulley turning direction
Unless the driving belt is reverse or twisted pulleys connected in series rotate in the same direction
Police speed of rotation
About the speed of gear rotation is determined by the number of teeth how fast the pulley rotates depends on the diameter of the pulley in relation to the diameter of the pulley that's driving it
Wheel and axle machine
The wheel and axle machine multiplies the effort you use producing a greater force when you steer a car by using a steering wheel which is a wheel and axle device a little effort exerted on the steering wheel turns the wheel of the car in the direction you desire turning your car wheels would be a lot more complicated if you didn't have the steering wheel and true wheel and axle machines the wheel and axle are fixed together and turn at the same time this arrangement multiplies the amount of force you can exert by a considerable amount
Mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle
Radius of wheels circle/1/2 width of the drill tip = resistance offered by material/force required to turn handle
Hydraulic jack
Hey hydraulic jack use as a nearly incompressible liquid such as oil to exert force in order to move an object as the handle moves it applies pressure to the oil because the oil doesn't compress the oil transmits whatever force is applied to it to the work cylinder with no or little lost and efficiency the mechanical advantage is the ratio between the diameter of the two cylinders