Leadership is
the process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal
Management
consists of planning, organizing, staffing, recruiting, scheduling, budgeting, and public relations.
A leader provides
vision and is more concerned with the direction of an organization to pursue that vision, including its goals and objectives.
Leadership is simply
� Knowing how to chart a course � Give others direction through having vision � Developing the social and psychological environment (i.e., Corporate or team culture) � The culture consists of selecting, motivating, rewarding, retaining and unifying member
Excellent Coaches
� Create, communicate and translate vision into reality. � Develop the environment for success based on that vision � Emphasize interpersonal relationships in order to move people to action � Communicators � Prepare themselves and work hard to lead
Transformational Leadership
� Involves a dynamic relationship where the coach influences the team AND the team influences the coach � It is considered the psychological contract between the coach and athletes and the expectations, demands and actions in a reciprocating process
Power is
the energy to initiate, move and sustain players, coaches and the organization
� Leadership is the wise use of power (Martens, 1987) � One gains power when those being led acknowledge the leaders authority � One gains power through respect
Empowerment
� As a transformative leader, you empower the coaching staff and players � Granting responsibility � Empowering team members you:
- Create a sense they contribute to the team
- Gain a greater sense of comittment
- Experience more enjoyment
How Leaders Are Chosen
� Appointed or prescribed leaders are individuals appointed by some authority to a leadership position (e.g., health club manager, coach, head athletic trainer)
� Emergent leaders are individuals who emerge from a group and take charge (e.g., captain of a
Trait Approach
� Leaders are born and not made. � Born with the capacity to take charge � These traits are stable personality dispositions. They are genetically programmed to be leaders � They are destined to be able to take control of all situations
-there are no parti
Social Learning Theory
� Leadership is learned through the environment � One can learn leadership behavior through role models (vicarious reinforcement or observation) � We CAN learn leadership skills � The learning of skills is through modeling, imitation and experience � Prob
The Behavioral Approach
� Key question: What are the universal behaviors (not traits) of effective leaders?
� Leaders in nonsport settings: Successful leaders use both consideration (focus on friendship, mutual trust, respect) and initiating (focus on rules, goals, and objective
Interactionist Theory
� Is a combination of inherited abilities (traits) and learned skills (social learning theory) � Leadership skills can show themselves through situations � Certain situations have the tendency to trigger leadership traits or force one to use leadership sk
Interactionist Approach implications
� Personal and situational factors need to be considered in order to understand effective leadership.
- No one set of characteristics ensures successful leaders (but characteristics are important).
- Effective leader styles or behaviors fit the specific s
Interactionist Approach:Relationship- and task-oriented leaders compared
- A relationship-oriented leader focuses on developing and maintaining good interpersonal relationships; a task-oriented leader focuses on setting goals and getting the job done. - The effectiveness of an individual's leadership style stems from its "matc
The Multidimensional Model of Sport Leadership
� Leader effectiveness in sport can vary depending on the characteristics of the athletes and constraints of the situation. � Optimal performance and satisfaction are achieved when a leader's required, preferred, and actual behaviors are consistent.
Effective Leadership in Sport-qualities
- The qualities of the leader
- Leadership Style
- Situational Factors
- Characteristics of the followers
Leader Qualities
� Effective leaders have integrity, flexibility, loyalty, confidence, accountability, candor, preparedness, resourcefulness, selfdiscipline, and patience. � Effective leaders mobilize and focus the physical, mental, and emotional energy resources of thems
Empathy
The ability to adopt the perspective of other people and understand how that person perceives the world and experiences emotions � is understanding how a person feels � Sympathy person feels emotions for another in trouble
Autocratic
-Win-centered, command style, task-oriented
Democratic
-athlete-centered, cooperative style, people oriented
Situational Factors
� Effective Leaders adapt to different situations with different set of skills
� Deal with "the task at hand
Team sports require more
coordination and structure of the group. This also requires greater directiveness. Team sports prefer task-oriented leaders more than individual sports
Individual sports may require
a less directive approach.
Task - Oriented Leadership
- Task oriented for teams
- Athletes in more variable or dynamic sports (B-Ball)
- Less skilled athletes prefer more task-oriented
Athlete Oriented Leadership
� Athlete oriented for individuals
� Athletes in non-variable, closed sports (swimming)
� Highly successful athletes (work with the athlete as opposed to direct them)
Follower Qualities The followers influence the leaders
� An effective leader must consider athletes personalities and values.
(Democratic style used if followers are accepting, autocratic if less accepting)
� Experience
� Gender
� Ability
� Age, experience, maturity
� Nationality
What Leaders Do The 6 Actions that set Leaders apart from followers
� Provide direction � Build a psychological and social environment � Instill values by sharing philosophy � Motivate to pursue group goals � Confront problems and resolve conflicts � Communicate
Vision
� Comes through preparation � Information gatherers � Comes from intellegence which comes from preparation � Outthink, outplan, outteach � Become a student of the game
Insight
� Is when one gains an understanding of something in a way not readily apparent (Martens, 1987) � Comes from developing as many ways to solve a problem as possible � Gain insight by asking the right questions and encouraging discussion at the right time.