Cybersex
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Sexual Interests
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Sexual Orientation
The pattern of sexual and emotional attraction based on the gender of one's partner
Heterosexuality
The emotional and sexual attraction between men and women
Homosexuality
Emotional and sexual attraction between persons of the same sex
Bisexuality
Emotional and sexual attraction to both males and females
Gender
The characteristics associated with being male or female
Transsexual
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Transgender
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Two-Spirit
- A man who assumes female dress, gender role, and status
- Emphasizes the spiritual role of one's life and downplays the homosexual persona
- Is includes of transsexuality, transvestism (wearing the clothes of or passing as a member of the other sex), an
Fellatio
Oral stimulation of the penis
Cunnilingus
Oral stimulation of the female genitals
Normal Sexual Behavior
- A behavior that conforms to a group's average or median patterns of behavior
- Normality has nothing to do with moral or psychological deviance
Sexual Variation
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Sociobiology
- Field that contributes to our growing understanding of the biological bases of behavior
- Base study of behavior on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
- Evolution favors certain physical traits that enable a species to survive
Sex information/Advice genre
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Objectivity
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Value Judgments
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Cultural Relativity
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Opinion
- Unsubstantiated belief or conclusion about what seems to be true according to our thoughts
- Not based on knowledge or concrete evidence
- Can reflect our personal values or biases
Bias
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Stereotype
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Schema
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Attitude
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Behavior
- The way a person acts
- Cannot infer a person's behavior from his/her attitudes
Casual Sex
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Fallacy
- An error in reasoning that affects our understanding of a subjects
- Distort thinking, leading us to false erroneous conclusions
Egocentric Fallacy
- The mistake belief that our own personal experience and values generally are held by others
- False consensus
- Use our own beliefs and values to explain the attitudes, motivations, and behaviors of others
Ethnocentric Fallacy
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Ethnocentrism
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Ethnicity
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Ethnic Group
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Scientific Method
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Induction
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Informed Consent
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Protection from Harm
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Random Sample
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Representative Sample
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Biased Samples
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Come Out
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Clinical Research
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Pathological Behavior
- Major limitation of clinical research
- Unhealthy diseased behavior
- Emphasis on this makes clinical research dependent on cultural definitions of what is "unhealthy" or "pathological
Survey Research
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Erotophobic
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Erotophillic
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Sexual Diary
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Observational Research
-Method by which a researcher unobtrusively observes and makes systematic notes about people's behavior without trying to manipulate it
Participant Observation
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Experimental Research
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Variables
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Independent Variables
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Dependent Variables
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Correlational Studies
- Measure 2 or more naturally occurring variables to determine their relationship to each other
- Do not manipulate variables
- Cannot tell us which variables causes the other to change
Plethysmographs
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Strain Gauge
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Neuroses
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Repression
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Psychoanalysis
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Oral Stage
- Psychosexual development stage #1
- Birth - 1 yr
- Infants eroticism focused on the mouth
Anal Stage
- Psychosexual development stage #2
- 1-3 yrs
- Children't sexual activities continue to be autoerotic, but the region of pleasure shifts to the anus
Phallic Stage
- Psychosexual development stage #3
- 3-5 yrs
- Children exhibit interest in the genitals
Latency Stage
- Psychosexual development stage #4
- Age 6
- Children's sexual impulses are no longer active
Genital Stage
- Psychosexual development stage #5
- Puberty
- Children become interested in genital sexual activities, esp sexual intercourse
Oedipal Complex
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Electra Complex
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Penis Envy
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Castration Anxiety
- Caused by Oedipal Complex
- Boy's belief that the father will cut off his penis because of jealousy
Feminism
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Social Construction
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Control Group
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Socioeconomic Status
- SES
- A person's ranking in society based on a combination of occupational, educational, and income levels
- Important element of African American sexual values and behaviors
Cultural Equivalency Perspective
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Machismo
- Positive concept
- Celebrates the values of courage, strength, generosity, politeness, and respect for others
- "Macho" stereotype of Latino Men
Acculturation
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Familismo
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Genitals
- "genitalia"
- the sexual and reproductive organs or both men and women
- means "to beget" in latin
Vulva
- the external female genitals
- Mons pubis, the clitoris, the labia majora, and the labia minora
- "vagina
Mons Pubis
- pubic mound
- along with the mons veneris, is a pad of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone about 6 inches below the navel
- Covered in pubic hair beginning at puberty
- caressing it can cause pleasure in most women
Mons Veneris
- mound of Venus
- along with the mons pubis, is a pad of fatty tissue covering the pubic bone about 6 inches below the navel
- Covered in pubic hair beginning at puberty
- caressing it can cause pleasure in most women
Clitoris
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Glans Clitoris
- The tip of the clitoris' shaft
- Is especially sensitive here
Clitoral Hood
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Crura
- Internal part of the clitoris shaft
- 2 branches
- Each is 3.5 inches long
- Tips of the erectile tissue that attach to the pelvic bones
Corpora Cavernosa
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Labia Majora
- Major lips
- 2 folds of spongy flesh extending from the mons pubis and enclosing the labia minora, clitoris, urethral opening, and vaginal entrance
- Smooth and hairless
- Vary in appearance from woman to woman
- Sensitive to touch and swell during sexu
Labia Minora
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Vestibule
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Bartholin's Glands
- Within the vestibule
- On either side of the vaginal opening
- 2 small ducts
- Vestibular Glands
- Secrete a small amount of moisture during sexual arousal
Vagina
- Latin word for sheath
- Is a flexible structure that extends 3-5 inches back and upward from the vaginal opening
Birth Canal
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Introitus
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Hymen
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Grafenberg Spot
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Uterus
- Womb
- A hollow, thick walled, muscular organ held in the pelvic cavity by a umber of ligaments and supported by several muscles
- It is pear-shaped
- No birth: 3 inches long and 3 inches wide
- Birth: larger
Cervix
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Endometrium
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Ovary
- A gonad
- Paired; one on each side of the uterus, held in place by several ligaments
Gonad
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Gametes
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Oocytes
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Ova/Ovum
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Ovulation
- Release of an oocyte
- Occurs during a woman's reproductive years
Ovarian Follicles
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Corpus Luteum
- The ruptured follicle becomes this after the oocyte emerges
- Latin for yellow body
- A producer of important hormones
- Eventually degenerates
- Egg is viable for 24 hours
Fallopian Tubes
- At the top of the uterus, one on each side
- Uterine tubes or oviducts
- 4 inches long
- Extend toward the ovaries but are not attached to them
Infundibulum
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Fimbriae
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Cilia
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Ampulla
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Urethra
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Urethral Opening
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Anus
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Perineum
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Pelvic Floor
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Lactation
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Mammary Gland
- Mature female breast
- Composed of fatty tissue and 15-25 lobes that radiate around a central protruding nipple
Areola
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Alveoli
- Small glands within the mammary lobes
- In response to hormonal signals directly following childbirth, begin producing milk
- Milk passes into ducts, each of which has a dilated region for storage; the ducts open to the outside of the nipple
Hormones
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Gonadotropins
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Libido
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Estrogens
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Progesterone
- One of the most important female hormones
- Principal hormone involved in a woman's reproductive and sexual life
- Produced in ovaries, adrenal glands, and the placenta
- Functions to promote breast development, maintains uterine lining, regulates menst
Oogenesis
- Hormones trigger the completion of this process during puberty
- "egg-begining
Ovarian Cycle
- Menstrual Cycle
- Process that continues until a woman reaches menopause
- Averages 28 days in length
- Menstruation marks the end of this sequence of hormonal and physical changes in the ovaries and the uterus
GnRH
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FSH
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LH
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Follicular Phase
- The phase of the ovarian cycle during which the follicle matures
- Occurs during the first 10 days
- Initiated by FSH and LH
Ovulatory Phase
- Begins at day 11 of the ovarian cycle
- Culminates with ovulation at about day 14
- Stimulated by an increase of LH from the pituitary
- Primary oocyte undergoes cell division and becomes ready for ovulation
- The ballooning follicle wall thins and rupt
Mittelschmerz
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Luteal Phase
- Typically lasts from day 14 (immediately after ovulation) through day 28 of the ovarian cycle
- At this point, the ovarian hormone levels are at their lowest
- GnRH is released
- FSH and LH levels begin to rise
Toxic Shock Syndrome
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Menstrual Cycle
- Uterine Cycle
- Divided into 3 phases: menstrual, proliferative, and secretory
Menstrual Phase
- Phase 1 of the menstrual cycle
- Begins with the shedding of the endometrium
- Endometrial tissue, mucous, other cervical and vaginal secretions, and a small amount of blood (2-5 ounces per cycle) is expelled through the vagina
- Menses occurs for 3-5 d
Menses
- Menstrual flow
- Occurs for a period of 3-5 days
Menarche
- A girl's first menstruation
Proliferative Phase
- 2nd phase of the menstrual cycle
- Lasts about 9 days
- The endometrium thickens in response to increased estrogen
- Mucous membranes of the cervix secrete clear, thin mucous with a crystalline structure that facilitates the passage of sperm
- Ends with
Secretory Phase
- The 3rd phase of the menstrual cycle
- With the help of progesterone, the endometrium begins to prepare for the arrival of a fertilized ovum; glands within the uterus enlarge and secrete glycogen; cervical mucus thickens and starts forming a plug to sea
Menstrual Syncyhrony
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Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- Collection of physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms that many women experience 7-14 days before their menstrual period
- Symptoms disappear soon after the start of menstrual bleeding
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- Severe premenstrual symptoms, sufficient enough to disrupt a woman's functioning
Menorrhagia
- Heavy or prolonged bleeding during a woman's menstrual cycle
Dysmenorrhea
- Persistant, aching, and serious pain sufficient enough to limit a woman's activities
- Primary: not associated with any diagnosable pelvic condition; characterized by pain that begins with uterine bleeding (or just before) and by the absence of pain at
Prostaglandins
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Amenorrhea
- When women do not menstruate for reasons other than aging
- Principle causes: pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Primary: women who have passed the age of 16 and not gotten a period
- Secondary: when a perviously menstruating woman stops menstruating for sev
Sexual Response Cycle
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Masters and Johnson's Four-Phase Model of Sexual Response
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Kaplan's Triphasic Model of Sexual response
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Loulan's Sexual Response Model
- Less known pattern
- Incorporates both the biological and affective components into a 6-stage cycle
Limbic System
- Beneath the cortex
- Consists of several separate parts
- Involved with emotions and feelings
- Has extensive connections with the cerebral cortex; which explains why "emotions sometimes override logic and, why reason can stop us from expressing our emo
Erogenous Zones
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Pheromones
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Testosterone
-Hormone that biologically influences both men and women's libido
- May play important role in the maintenance of women's bodies
- Present in women's blood vessels, brain, skin, bone, and vagina
- Believed to contribute to bone density, blood flow, hair g
Oxytocin
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Vasocongestion
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Myotonia
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Sweating
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Tenting
- Process by which the inner 2/3 of the vagina expand
- The vagina expands about an inch in length and doubles in width
Sex Flush
- Many women (and men) experience this
- A darkening of the skin or rash that temporarily appears as a result of blood rushing to the skin's surface during sexual excitement
Orgasmic Platform
- Plateau stage of the sexual response cycle in which the walls of the vagina thicken
- The upper 2/3 of the vagina continue to expand, but lubrication decreases or may even stop
- The uterus becomes fully elevated through muscular contractions
Orgasm
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Penis
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Root
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Shaft
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Glans Penis
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Corona
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Frenulum
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Foreskin
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Prepuce
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Circumcision
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Smegma
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Corpora Cavernosa
- 2 of the 3 parallel columns of erectile tissue contained in the shaft of the penis
- Extend along the front surface
Corpus Spongiosum
- 1 of the 3 parallel columns of erectile tissue contained in the shaft of the penis
- Runs beneath the 2 corpora cavernosa
- Also forms the glans
Crura
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Urethra
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Urethral Bulb
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Scrotum
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Tesicles/Testes
- Inside the scrotum
- Male reproductive gonads
- Have 2 major functions: sperm production and hormone production
- Olive shaped
- As the male ages, decrease in size and weight
- Usually not symmetrical; the left usually hangs slightly lower than the righ
Spermatic Cord
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Seminiferous Tubules
- 1,000 within each testicle
- Tiny, tightly compressed tubes, 1-3 ft long
- Within these tubes, spermatogenesis takes place
Epididymis
- Seminiferous tubules merge to form this
- A comma-shaped structure
- Consists of a coiled tube about 20 ft long, where the sperm finally mature
- Merge into a vas deferens
Vas Deferens
- A tube about 18 inches long
- Extends into the abdominal cavity, over the bladder, and then downward
- Widens into the ampulla
- Joins the ejaculatory duct
Ampula
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Ejactulatory Duct
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Seminal Vesicles
- Secrete fluid that makes up about 60% of the seminal fluid
Prostate Gland
- Encircles the urethra just below the bladder
- Small muscular gland
- Size and shape of a chestnut
- Produces about 30-35% of the seminal fluid in the ejaculated semen
Cowper's/Bulbourethral Glands
- Below the prostate gland
- 2 pea-sized glands connected to the urethra by tiny ducts
- Secrete thick, clear mucus prior to ejaculation
- May appear at the tip of an erect penis
- Alkaline content may help buffer the acidity within the urethra to provide
Gynecomastia
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Leydig Cells
- Lie within the connective tissue of a man's testes
- "Interstitial Cells"
- Secrete Androgens
Androgens
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Testosterone
- Androgen
- Secreted by the Leydig Cells
- Trigger sperm production and regulates the sex drive
- Steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol
- Is made by both sexes- women: adrenal glands and ovaries; men: testes
- brain converts it into estradiol
- li
Secondary Sex Characteristics
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Testosterone Replacement Therapy
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Spermatogenesis
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Sperm
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Semen/Seminal Fluid
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Homologous Structure
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Erection
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Ejaculation
- Created by increasing stimulation of the penis
- Process by which the semen is forcefully expelled from a man's body
- Occurs in two stages: emission and expulsion
Emission
- Stage 1 of ejaculation
- Contractions of the walls of the tail portion of the epididymis send sperm into the vas defrens
- Ejaculatory inevitability, increase HR and respiration, elevated BP, and muscular tension
Ejaculatory Inevitability
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Explusion
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Retrograde Ejaculation
- Experienced by some men
- the "backward" expulsion of semen into the bladder rather than out of the urethral opening
- Not normally harmful; the semen is simply collected in the bladder and eliminated during urination
Refractory Period
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Os
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